JAMES MINISALL, BY AND THROUGH HIS MOTHER AND NEXT FRIEND, LYNNE M. MINISALL AND LYNNE M. MINISALL, INDIVIDUALLY, APPELLANTS,
v.
MARILYN KRYSIAK AND EDWARD KRYSIAK, APPELLEES
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The court reviewed an order setting aside a default and final judgment entered against appellees in a negligence action arising from an automobile collision, finding that the appellees were deprived of their right to contest damages due to lack of notice of the trial setting.
The trial court erred in setting aside the default and final judgment solely on the grounds of excusable neglect related to insurance notification, but the appellees were entitled to relief because they were not notified of the trial setting and thus deprived of their right to contest damages.
[1] A parent's claim for derivative damages, including past and future medical expenses and loss of services, is properly dismissed by directed verdict when no evidence is pr…
[2] Under Florida Statute Section 767.04, a dog owner's liability for a bite is absolute unless the owner proves the dog was mischievously or carelessly provoked or aggravate…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellees defaulted in a negligence action and a default judgment was entered against them after an ex parte trial. Subsequently, appellees moved to s…
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Three-year old James Minisall was lawfully on the premises of an automobile service station when he was bitten by a dog owned by the defendant, who though not the owner of the premises was also lawfully thereon. The child’s mother, bringing this suit on behalf of the child as his next friend, joined a claim in her own behalf for derivative damages. The appeal is from a final judgment in favor of the defendant entered upon a jury verdict.
Appellants’ several points on appeal can be resolved by discussing two of the assigned errors.
At the conclusion of all of the evidence the court granted the defendant’s motion for a directed verdict as to the mother’s derivative claim. Her claim was for the past and future medical expenses and for the past and future loss of the child’s services proximately resulting from the injuries sustained by the child. The evidence established that all of the medical expenses incurred up to that time had been borne by the defendant, and no evidence was offered to support the claim for future medical expenses or to support the claim for past or future loss of the child’s services. It was not error to grant this motion.
Also at the close of all of the evidence the court denied a motion for a directed verdict against the defendant in favor of the minor plaintiff. The defendant’s liability in this case was governed by F.S. Section 767.04, F.S.A.,1 which statute *758makes the dog owner’s liability absolute unless the owner is within one of the exculpatory provisions thereof. Romfh v. Berman, Fla. 1952, 56 So.2d 127. In the instant case the only exculpatory provision asserted by the defendant in her answer was that the dog had been mischievously or carelessly provoked or aggravated by the child. This was in the nature of an affirmative defense, casting the burden of proof upon the defendant. Two of the three witnesses who testified described the bite as occurring when the dog lunged at the child while he was standing beside his mother. The third witness (the defendant) testified that she was standing beside the child’s mother when she heard the child scream and turned around in time to see the child running toward them from a nearby service bay where the dog was chained. Despite this discrepancy in the testimony as to how or where the incident occurred, it is clear that none of the testimony of these three witnesses described any conduct on the part of the child from which the jury reasonably could infer that the child had mischievously or carelessly provoked or aggravated the dog. To the contrary, two of the witnesses flatly stated that the child did not provoke the dog, and the third witness (the defendant) stated she did not see the child provoke the dog. Accepting as true defendant’s testimony that the incident occurred when the child left his mother’s side and wandered over to where the dog was chained, it could only be pure speculation or conjecture for the jury to conclude from this fact alone that the dog had been provoked or aggravated by the child. The defendant having failed to offer sufficient proof to permit the jury to lawfully find that the pleaded exculpatory provision had been proven, the minor plaintiff was entitled to a directed verdict against the defendant on the issue of defendant’s liability.
The judgment in favor of the defendant on the claim of the plaintiff, Lynn M. Minisall, individually, is affirmed. The judgment in favor of the defendant on the claim of James Minisall, a minor, is reversed and this cause is remanded for a new trial limited to the issue of the minor plaintiff’s damages.
Affirmed in part; reversed in part.
McCAIN, J„ and STEWART, JAMES R., JR., Associate Judge, concur.
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Reed v. Bowen, 503 So. 2d 1265 (Fla. 2d DCA 1986)…or malicious act or to avoid a particular danger is one of fact falling within the province of the jury. Hanks v. Booth, 11 Kan.App.2d 149, 716 P. 2d 596 (1986). We find implicit support for our holding in two Florida cases. In Minisall v. Krysiak, 242 So. 2d 756 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970), the court found that the dog owners had failed to provide sufficient proof that a three-year-old child had mischievously or carelessly aggravated or provoked their dog, and that the trial court should have directed a verdict aga…
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Renate Hall v. Ricardo, 297 So. 2d 849 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974)…So. 2d 227, 66 A.L.R.2d 912. Also mischievous or careless provocation may be asserted as an affirmative defense if there is sufficient proof to bring the defendant within the exculpatory provisions of the statute. Minisall v. Krysiak, Fla.App.1970, 242 So. 2d 756. As to directed verdicts for the plaintiff, it is our view that they are mot allowed until the case is complete, i.e., until the defendant has presented his testimony. See Ahearn v. Florida Power & Light Co., Fla.App.1959, 113 So. 2d 751, reversed a…
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Harris v. Moriconi, 331 So. 2d 353 (Fla. 1st DCA 1976)…so liable if at the time of any such injury he had displayed in a prominent place on his premises a sign easily readable including the words ‘Bad Dog.’ ” . Carroll v. Moxley, Sup.Ct.Fla.1970, 241 So. 2d 681; Minisall v. Krysiak, Fla.App. 4th 1970, 242 So. 2d 756; and English v. Seachord, Fla.App. 4th 1971, 243 So. 2d 193. Cert. dismissed, Sup.Ct.Fla.1972, 259 So. 2d 136. . Minisall v. Krysiak, supra. . Swindell v. Hellkamp, Sup.Ct.Fla.1970, 242 So. 2d 708. . Webster’s Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary de…
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- Romfh v. Berman, 56 So. 2d 127 (Fla. 1951)