CRYSTAL LAKE GOLF COURSE, INC., APPELLANT,
v.
MELVIN H. KALIN AND HELEN G. KALIN, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1971-09-17
No. 70-1098
REED, C. J., and OWEN, J., concur.
252 So. 2d 379 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1971) Negative Treatment
Cited by 74 cases

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Synopsis

Crystal Lake Golf Course sought to evict defendant Kalin for nonpayment of rent under a summary eviction procedure. The trial court entered judgment against defendant after defendant's counsel failed to appear at a pretrial conference. The appellate court reversed, holding that entry of a final judgment against the litigant for counsel's inadvertent failure to attend a pretrial conference—absent evidence of persistent refusal or willful disregard—violates principles of justice and should be vacated to permit a trial on the merits.


Holding

The trial court abused its discretion in denying the motion to vacate. The appellate court reversed, holding that entry of a final judgment against a litigant for counsel's inadvertent failure to attend a pretrial conference—where the record shows no persistent refusal or willful disregard and the motion to vacate states sufficient facts justifying relief under Rule 1.540(b)—violates principles of justice. The judgment is vacated with directions for the trial court to conduct further proceedings and permit a determination on the merits.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court abuses its discretion by denying a motion to vacate a judgment when the motion sets forth sufficient facts to justify relief under Rule 1.540(b), F.R.C.P.

[2] A judgment entered ex parte due to a party's counsel's failure to attend a pretrial conference may be vacated if the record does not reflect a persistent refusal to atten…

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Key Quotes

“The court unquestionably has power to discipline counsel for refusal or failure to meet the requirements of the rule. Such refusal may warrant a citation for contempt or a lesser degree of punishment, but it is our view that the major punishment for such delicts should ordinarily be imposed on counsel rather than on the litigant.”

Establishes the principle that sanctions for counsel's violations should target counsel, not the litigant, foundational to the court's reversal

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Facts & Procedural History

Crystal Lake Golf Course filed a petition on November 19, 1970, to recover possession of property allegedly leased to defendant, claiming defendant wa…

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Opinion of the Court
MAGER, Judge.

MAGER, Judge.

The plaintiffs, claiming to be owners of certain described property which apparently was leased to defendant, sought to recover possession of the premises and filed a petition on November 19, 1970, for removal of the defendant. The petition alleged that the defendant was in arrears in the payment of rent as required by the lease agreement. Defendant filed its answer pursuant to the summons of the court on November 27, 1970. The court’s order of December 7, 1970, found for the plaintiff and ordered delivery of the possession of the property to the plaintiff with execution thereon.

The court’s order of December 7 is not before us for review, no timely appeal having been taken therefrom. The sole issue before this court is whether the trial court abused its discretion in denying defendant’s motion to vacate which order of denial is a final appealable order. Odum v. Morningstar, Fla.App.1963, 158 So.2d 776; Rogers v. First National Bank at Winter Park, Fla.App.1969, 223 So.2d 365, rev’d on other grounds Fla., 232 So.2d 377.

Upon a careful review of the record we are of the opinion that defendant’s motion to vacate sets forth sufficient facts to justify the granting of relief in accordance with the spirit and intent of Rule 1.540(b), F.R.C.P., 31 F.S.A.

The record reflects that the cause below was conducted under the summary procedure provisions, as set forth in Sections 83.21 and 51.011, Florida Statutes, F.S.A. The record further reflects that subsequent to the filing of the plaintiffs’ petition and the defendant’s answer the trial court, on December 2, issued an order for a pretrial conference to be held on December 7, 1970 “for the purpose of a conference on the facts and issues involved”. The defendant failed to attend the pretrial conference. The trial court apparently proceeded on an ex parte basis and entered its order of December 7 in favor of plaintiff. On December 8, 1970, the defendant filed a “motion to vacate default”, asserting that through error, inadvertence and excusable neglect on the part of the counsel for the defendant the date of the pretrial conference was not properly noted by defense counsel’s secretary in his diary book. Defendant’s counsel candidly admitted that it was his responsibility to be informed but by reason of the foregoing he had no knowledge of the pretrial conference date until late in the afternoon of December 7. It appears that on the morning of December 8, 1970, defendant filed the aforementioned motion to vacate default. On December 23, 1970, the trial court denied defendant’s motion to vacate.

Since the order of December 7 contains no finding that such order was entered as a result of defendant’s failure to appear, nor does the record indicate compliance with Rule 1.500(b) pertaining to defaults and final judgments thereon, it must be assumed that the lower court’s order was entered pursuant to Rule 1.200, F.R.C.P., 30 F.S.A., the pertinent part of which provides :

“ * * * Upon failure of an attorney for a party to attend the (pretrial) conference, the court may dismiss the suit or strike the answer or take such action as justice requires.”

In Beasley v. Girten, Fla.1952, 61 So.2d 179, the Supreme Court of Florida, speaking through the late Mr. Justice Glenn Terrell, observed that the pretrial conference rule was designed to be a great time saver and one of the best means yet devised to expedite the disposition of litigation ; counsel are expected to conform with this rule as they would any other rule *381or be called to account for failure to do so. In reversing the trial court’s order dismissing the cause with prejudice for failure to attend a pretrial conference, Justice Terrell observed:

“The court unquestionably has power to discipline counsel for refusal or failure to meet the requirements of the rule. Such refusal may warrant a citation for contempt or a lesser degree of punishment, hut it is our view that the major punishment for such delicts should ordinarily he imposed on counsel rather than on the litigant. Dismissal ‘with prejudice’ in effect disposes of the case, not for any dereliction on the part of the litigant, but on the part of his counsel. We are not unmindful of the rule that counsel is the litigant’s agent and that his acts are the acts of the principal, but since the rule is primarily for the governance of counsel, dismissal ‘with prejudice’ would in effect punish the litigant instead of his counsel. Although persistent refusal to attend might, in the interest of justice, require a dismissal without prejudice, we think for the reasons given that such dismissal upon the first infraction is too severe.” (Emphasis added.)

See also Goldman v. Tabor, Fla.App.1970, 239 So.2d 529.

We cannot condone counsel’s failure to comply with an order of the court for a pretrial conference; but neither can we approve the entry of a final judgment for such failure where the record is devoid of any evidence reflecting a persistent refusal to attend or a wilful disregard of an order of court. The pretrial conference was designed to expedite the disposition of litigation and not to serve as a substitute for a trial on the merits. The failure of counsel to attend while subjecting him to judicial sanctions ought not in this case serve as a predicate upon which to punish the litigant. (Beasley v. Girten, supra). The record is also devoid of any response by the plaintiff to or refutation of defendant’s sworn motion and affidavit in support of his motion to vacate.

Although the defendant has styled his motion as “motion to vacate default”, such nomenclature is not controlling; what is important is the content of the motion in support of the objective, namely, to vacate a judgment by reason of mistake, inadvertence and excusable neglect. In Evans v. Hydeman, Fla.App.1964, 168 So.2d 183, the Second District, speaking through Judge Kanner, observed:

“ * * * The established rule in Florida, either as to the opening of defaults or the vacating of judgments, is that these are matters of judicial discretion and that, in case of reasonable doubt, where there has been no trial upon the merits, this discretion is usually exercised in favor of granting the application for such a procedure so as to permit determination of the controversy upon the merits. North Shore Hospital, Inc. v. Barber, supra [Fla. 143 So.2d 849]; Coggin v. Barfield, 1942, 150 Fla. 551, 8 So.2d 9; Stevens-Davis Co. v. Stock, 1940, 141 Fla. 714, 193 So. 745.”

We recognize that we are dealing with a summary procedure as prescribed by Section 51.011, supra; but we equally recognize that we are dealing with the rights of parties to the use, enjoyment and possession of property which ought not to be summarily determined without a trial on the merits. Under our system of pleading and practice we are no longer concerned with the tricks and technicalities of the trade:

“The trial of a lawsuit should be a sincere effort to arrive at the truth. It is no longer a game of chess in which the technique of the maneuver captures the prize.” Cabot v. Clearwater Construction Company, Fla.1956, 89 So.2d 662, 664.

See also Rogers v. First National Bank at Winter Park, supra.

*382It is our opinion that the ends of justice would best be served by reversing the order denying the motion to vacate. Accordingly, the order of December 7 is vacated with directions to the trial court to conduct such other proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.1

Reversed.

REED, C. J., and OWEN, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (37 total)

  • Mercer v. J.D. Raine, Sr., 443 So. 2d 944 (Fla. 1983)
    …f, Herold v. Computer Components International, Inc., 252 So. 2d 576, 581 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971). Nor is this a case where the record was devoid of any evidence reflecting willful disregard of an order of court, Crystal Lake Golf Course, Inc. v. Kalin, 252 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971); Travelers Insurance Co. v. Rodriguez, 357 So. 2d 464 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978), or where the sanction is in effect punishing the litigant too severely for an act or failure on the part of his counsel. Beasley v. Girten, 61 So. 2d 179 (…
  • Travelers Ins. Co. & Peter Vassey v. Rodriguez, 357 So. 2d 464 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978)
    …a severe sanction. While there are no Florida decisions directly on point, the tenor of those cases which have some applicability is that the sanction imposed must be commensurate with the offense. Thus, in Crystal Lake Golf Course, Inc. v. Kalin, 252 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971), a judgment for the plaintiff was entered at a pretrial conference for the failure of the defendant’s counsel to appear because his secretary had not noted the date in his diary book. While recognizing that the applicable rule of…
  • Kelley v. Schmidt, 613 So. 2d 918 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993)
    …egree of punishment, but it is our view that the major punishment for such delicts should be imposed on counsel rather than on the litigant. (emphasis added) Beasley v. Girten, 61 So. 2d 179, 180 (Fla.1952); Crystal Lake Golf Course, Inc. v. Kalin, 252 So. 2d 379 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971); Goldman v. Tabor, 239 So. 2d 529 (Fla. 2d DCA 1970). We cannot condone counsel's failure to comply with the court’s pretrial order but we hold that it was an abuse of the trial court’s discretion to strike the appellants’ plead…

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