GULF AMERICAN FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY, A CORPORATION, AND THORNTON LEASING COMPANY, A FOREIGN CORPORATION, APPELLANTS,
v.
MARTHA SINGLETON, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS ADMINISTRATRIX OF THE ESTATE OF CLARENCE UPSHAW, DECEASED, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1972-05-17
No. 70-460
LILES, Acting C. J., and DURRANCE, CARL C., Associate Judge, concur.
265 So. 2d 720 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1972) Caution
Cited by 10 cases

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Holding

The court held that the dismissal of a defendant driver and the denial of his reinstatement were erroneous, as the workmen's compensation statute allows actions against individual employees.


Headnotes

[1] Workmen's compensation is the exclusive remedy for an employee injured on a construction job when the employer has contracted with another entity to provide materials and…

[2] The statutory purpose of workmen's compensation laws is to treat employees of various subcontractors on a job site as if they were directly employed by the general contra…

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Facts & Procedural History

The individual defendant, Laws, was dismissed from the suit but later served with process at trial. The plaintiff's motion to reinstate Laws as a part…

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Opinion of the Court
MANN, Judge.

MANN, Judge.

Concrete Pavers, Inc., was engaged in paving a portion of Interstate Highway 75 north of Tampa. It owned a batch plant at which materials were stored and from which they were shipped to the job site in trucks owned by Thornton Leasing Company and operated by Thornton’s drivers. Upshaw, an employee of Concrete Pavers, Inc., was killed while working at the job site when he was run over by a truck driven by Laws, an employee of Thornton Leasing Company.

The question is whether Fla.Stat. § 440.-10(1) (1969) 1 F.S.A., makes workmen’s *721compensation an exclusive remedy and immunizes the defendant against liability as a third-party tortfeasor. It is, for reasons explained in Judge Liles’ opinion in Holley v. Wimpy,2 in which the factual circumstances were as close to this case as is possible. There an employee of Ewell Engineering Company, the road contractor, was injured in a collision between his bulldozer and a truck owned by Wimpy, who hauled Ew-ell’s materials to the job site.

Upshaw’s administratrix argues that the relationship of Concrete Pavers to Thornton was that of lessor-lessee, and not contractor-subcontractor. The distinction is more verbal than factual, and stare decisis demands that we adhere to our ruling on identical facts in Holley v. Wimpy, supra. In Holley v. Wimpy, Wimpy was referred to as a subcontractor. Here, Thornton was referred to as a lessor. Apart from this, the conduct of the construction job seems to have been virtually the same in both cases. We turn then to the question whether calling Thornton a lessor makes any difference. It did not in Smith v. Poston Equipment Rentals, Inc.,3 in which Smith’s employer “rented” a crane, with operator, from Poston. Street v. Safway Steel Scaffold Co.,4 involved the rental of shoring equipment plus other services. In both of those cases workmen’s compensation was held an exclusive remedy, and we think their reasoning persuasive.

A lessor of a truck, without a driver, to a newspaper whose employee falls through the defective floor of the truck, is liable in tort,5 but it is inconceivable to think of the lessor as a “subcontractor” in that situation.

Thornton was not a materialman, as in Goldstein v. Acme Concrete Corp.,6 in which case the tort action lies. Thornton was engaged to bring to the job site materials owned by Concrete Pavers.

The rationale of the quoted statute is to equate the situation of workmen at a job in which various subcontractors are functioning under a general contractor with that which would obtain if the general contractor itself were employing the workmen directly. There are instances, of course, in which the wording of the statute allows recovery from a third-party tortfeasor although a slight change in circumstances would limit recovery to workmen’s compensation. For example, where there is no contractor and the owner is managing the construction project, recovery in tort is allowed.7 Our Supreme Court has recently allowed recovery where the “contractor” is merely an agent and in fact the owner is handling the project.8

We have considered the appellee’s contention that the appellants have not proved that Concrete Pavers, Inc. was a contractor and not an owner. This argument is patently without merit. We take judicial notice that Concrete Pavers, Inc. is not the owner of Interstate Highway 75.

There are other cases in which the rule we apply here has been uniformly applied to factual situations like this one.9

Reversed and remanded.

LILES, Acting C. J., and DURRANCE, CARL C., Associate Judge, concur.

*722ON PETITION FOR REHEARING

MANN, Judge.

I erred in preparing for my brethren an opinion which assumed the mootness of an important question raised on cross-appeal. The individual defendant Laws, driver of the truck which ran over Mr. Singleton, was dismissed on motion of the other defendants, over plaintiff’s objections, ten days before trial. Laws appeared at trial as a witness and was then served with process. Plaintiff moved to reinstate him as a party, but this motion was denied. This was error.

Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.070(d), 30 F.S.A. provides for continuing the action against those served and for “noting the fact of non-service as to the defendants not served. . . ”

The question is not academic. Our workmen’s compensation statute has been interpreted to permit the action against the individual employee, since the immunity goes only to the employer. Frantz v. McBee Co., Fla.1955, 77 So.2d 796, construing Fla.Stat. 440.39 (1971), F.S.A., a statute which has been amended in minor other respects, but not in this one. Thus we must assume legislative satisfaction with this state of affairs, and we must in any event follow the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the statute. Frantz was followed in Martin v. Theockary, 5th Cir. 1955, 220 F.2d 900, and Nelson v. Union Wire Rope Corp., 1964, 31 Ill.2d 69, 199 N.E.2d 769, both of which applied Florida law. See also Annotation, 21 A.L.R.3d 845.

Accordingly, rehearing is granted, and on the cross-appeal of appellant Singleton, the order dismissing the individual defendant Laws and the order denying reinstatement of Laws as a party are

Reversed and remanded.

LILES, Acting C. J., and DURRANCE, CARL C., Associate Judge, concur.

Other
MANN, Judge.

ON PETITION FOR REHEARING

MANN, Judge.

I erred in preparing for my brethren an opinion which assumed the mootness of an important question raised on cross-appeal. The individual defendant Laws, driver of the truck which ran over Mr. Singleton, was dismissed on motion of the other defendants, over plaintiff’s objections, ten days before trial. Laws appeared at trial as a witness and was then served with process. Plaintiff moved to reinstate him as a party, but this motion was denied. This was error. Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.070(d), 30 F.S.A. provides for continuing the action against those served and for “noting the fact of non-service as to the defendants not served. . . ”

The question is not academic. Our workmen’s compensation statute has been interpreted to permit the action against the individual employee, since the immunity goes only to the employer. Frantz v. McBee Co., Fla.1955, 77 So. 2d 796, construing Fla.Stat. 440.39 (1971), F.S.A., a statute which has been amended in minor other respects, but not in this one. Thus we must assume legislative satisfaction with this state of affairs, and we must in any event follow the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the statute. Frantz was followed in Martin v. Theockary, 5th Cir. 1955, 220 F. 2d 900, and Nelson v. Union Wire Rope Corp., 1964, 31 Ill.2d 69, 199 N.E. 2d 769, both of which applied Florida law. See also Annotation, 21 A.L.R.3d 845.

Accordingly, rehearing is granted, and on the cross-appeal of appellant Singleton, the order dismissing the individual defendant Laws and the order denying reinstatement of Laws as a party are Reversed and remanded.

LILES, Acting C. J., and DURRANCE, CARL C., Associate Judge, concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Rhines v. Ploof Transfer Co., Inc., 344 So. 2d 1309 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977)
    …an independent action can be .maintained under the Workmen’s Compensation Act (see Smith v. Poston Equipment Rentals [Fla.App. 3—1958] 105 So. 2d 578 and the cases cited therein; Gulf American Fire and Casualty Company v. Singleton [Fla.App. 2—1972] 265 So. 2d 720; Mack v. Cook & Pruitt Morony [Masonry], Inc. [Fla.App. 3—1965] 186 So. 2d 831; and Hunt v. Ryder Truck Rentals, Inc. [Fla.—1968] 216 So. 2d 751).” After thoroughly reviewing the record on appeal as now presented, we agree. AFFIRMED. SMITH and ER…
  • …o., 153 Fla. 216, 14 So. 2d 265 (1943); Jones v. Florida Power Corporation, 72 So. 2d 285 (Fla.1954); Fidelity Construction Company v. Arthur J. Collins and Son, Inc., 130 So. 2d 612 (Fla. 1961); Gulf American Fire and Casualty Company v. Singleton, 265 So. 2d 720 (Fla. 2nd DCA 1972). The remaining point argued by appellant is the correctness of the trial court’s ruling, based upon the special jury verdict, that Dodge’s employer Olson occupied the position of sub-subcontractor under the general contractor, A…
  • Rhines v. Ploof Transfer Co., Inc., 313 So. 2d 791 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975)
    …ntractor who is not, under the holdings of the cases above cited, entitled to assert the imunity afforded by F.S. 440.10(1). Our holding here is further illustrated by the case of Gulf American Fire and Casualty Co. v. Singleton, Fla.App. 2nd 1972, 265 So. 2d 720, involving an opposite factual situation. In that case a paving company contracted to pave a portion of Interstate 75 and subcontracted the hauling of materials from the premises of the paving company to the job site to a truck leasing company. An e…
    1 / 2

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