JAMES E. MIDDLETON, APPELLANT,
v.
MORRIS LOMASKIN AND MARKELL INDUSTRIES, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLEES
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Tenant Middleton appealed a summary judgment dismissing his personal injury claim against his landlords, arguing that the lease's exculpatory clause waiving liability for the landlords' negligence was either inapplicable or void as against public policy. The Florida appellate court affirmed, holding that exculpatory clauses clearly stating the landlord's exemption from negligence liability are valid and enforceable in Florida.
Exculpatory clauses are valid and enforceable in Florida when they clearly and unequivocally express the intent to relieve a party of liability for its own negligence. The clause in this lease clearly stated that lessors would not be liable to lessees for acts of the lessors' own negligence, and therefore the summary judgment was properly entered.
[1] A tenant's waiver of liability in a lease agreement can be valid and enforceable in Florida if the intention to relieve the landlord from liability for their own negligen…
[2] A lease provision stating that the tenant takes possession of the premises as evidence of their satisfactory condition and releasing the landlord from claims arising from…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“LANDLORD shall not be liable for, and TENANT hereby, for himself, his family, his invitees, licensees and permi-tees, releases, discharges and aquits LANDLORD [f]or any and all claims for loss, damage or injury of any nature whatsoever to person or property resulting in any way from or in any fashion arising from, connected with or resulting from occupancy and use of the demised premises and the property of which said premises are a part, whether caused by negligent acts of LANDLORD, its agents or servants or otherwise.”
The exculpatory clause in the lease explicitly waiving the landlord's liability even for negligent acts
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceMiddleton was a tenant in an apartment under a written lease with defendants Lomaskin and Markell Industries. Middleton alleged he suffered personal i…
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This is an appeal by plaintiff from a summary final judgment entered against him in an action for personal injuries which he alleged were suffered by him as a result of a fall on the premises of his landlords, the defendants.
Plaintiff was a tenant of an apartment under a written lease agreement entered into between him and the defendants. The lease contained the following provisions:
“TENANT’S WAIVER OF LIABILITY
“The taking of possession of the demised premises by TENANT shall be conclusive evidence that said demised premises and the building of which the same are a part were in all respects in good and satisfactory condition and acceptable to TENANT at the time that TENANT took possession thereof. TENANT hereby releases LANDLORD from any and all claims arising from any defect in the condition of said demised premises, or the property of LANDLORD of which said premises are a part, or the equipment, fixtures or appliances in or serving said demised premises and the property of which they are a part, and the streets, alleys, areas, area-ways, passages or sidewalks adjoining or appurtenant thereto.
“LANDLORD shall not be liable for, and TENANT hereby, for himself, his family, his invitees, licensees and permi-tees, releases, discharges and aquits LANDLORD [f]or any and all claims for loss, damage or injury of any nature whatsoever to person or property resulting in any way from or in any fashion arising from, connected with or resulting from occupancy and use of the demised premises and the property of which said premises are a part, whether caused by negligent acts of LANDLORD, its agents or servants or otherwise.”
This waiver of liability provision of the lease was pleaded in the answer and was the ground upon which the trial judge granted defendants’ motion for summary judgment.
Plaintiff argues for reversal on the grounds that the summary judgment was erroneously entered because the tenant’s waiver of liability either did not, in fact, immunize the landlord from liability for the landlords’ negligence or, if the provision did immunize the landlords, then it was void as unconstitutional as against the public policy of Florida.
*680These issues were urged by plaintiff m the trial court and they were correctly re-j ected.
Generally, exculpatory contracts which attempt to relieve a party of his own negligence are not looked upon with favor; however, such contracts have been held valid and enforceable in Florida, where such intention was made clear and unequivocal in such contract.
We think the exculpatory clause in the lease before us clearly states that the lessors are not to be liable to the lessee for acts of lessors’ own negligence. We think the trial court was correct in entering a summary final judgment in favor of the lessors on the ground that the tenant waived liability of the lessors. St. Pierre v. Food Fair Stores, North Dade, Inc., Fla.App.1961, 135 So.2d 9; Mutual Employees Trademart, Inc. v. Armour Service of Florida, Inc., Fla.App.1965, 170 So.2d 64; Thomas Awning & Tent Co., Inc. v. Toby’s Twelfth Cafeteria, Inc., Fla.App.1967, 204 So.2d 756; “Anno., Validity of contractual provisions by one other than carrier or employer for exemption from liability, or indemnification, for consequences of own negligence,” 175 A.L.R. 8, at § 45, p. 83 et seq.
For the reasons stated the judgment appealed is affirmed.
Affirmed.
(dissenting).
A more serious question is presented here than was presented in St. Pierre v. Food Fair Stores, North Dade, Inc., Fla.App.1961, 135 So.2d 9, and cases which have followed that holding. We deal here with a provision of an apartment lease in which the landlord exempts himself from his own negligence for the maintenance of areas which the tenant has a right to use but over which the landlord maintains control. See Butler v. Maney, 146 Fla. 33, 200 So. 226 (1941); Conroy v. Briley, Fla.App.1966, 191 So.2d 601.
A tenant in search of housing may not be able to deal on an equal footing with a landlord. There is, therefore, a good basis in public policy for a holding that the landlord may not as a part of the lease require that the tenant contract away his rights to be protected from the landlord’s negligence in maintaining those portions of the premises which are a part of the area to be used by the tenant but which are controlled by the landlord. I would hold that a landlord may not, by the insertion of a clause in the rental contract, free himself from liability for his own negligence in the maintenance of these common areas. See Kuzmiak v. Brookchester, Inc., 33 N.J.Super. 575, 111 A.2d 425 (1955); Papakalos v. Shaka, 91 N.H. 265, 18 A.2d 377 (1941).
PEARSON, Judge
(dissenting).
A more serious question is presented here than was presented in St. Pierre v. Food Fair Stores, North Dade, Inc., Fla.App.1961, 135 So. 2d 9, and cases which have followed that holding. We deal here with a provision of an apartment lease in which the landlord exempts himself from his own negligence for the maintenance of areas which the tenant has a right to use but over which the landlord maintains control. See Butler v. Maney, 146 Fla. 33, 200 So. 226 (1941); Conroy v. Briley, Fla.App.1966, 191 So. 2d 601.
A tenant in search of housing may not be able to deal on an equal footing with a landlord. There is, therefore, a good basis in public policy for a holding that the landlord may not as a part of the lease require that the tenant contract away his rights to be protected from the landlord’s negligence in maintaining those portions of the premises which are a part of the area to be used by the tenant but which are controlled by the landlord. I would hold that a landlord may not, by the insertion of a clause in the rental contract, free himself from liability for his own negligence in the maintenance of these common areas. See Kuzmiak v. Brookchester, Inc., 33 N.J.Super. 575, 111 A. 2d 425 (1955); Papakalos v. Shaka, 91 N.H. 265, 18 A. 2d 377 (1941).
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By (29 total)
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Ivey Plants, Inc. v. FMC Corp., 282 So. 2d 205 (Fla. 4th DCA 1973)…liability on the part of the latter to a third person. 175 A.L.R. 8, 21; Royal Indemnity Co. v. Knott, 1931, 101 Fla. 1495, 136 So. 474; cf. University Plaza Shopping Center v. Stewart, Fla.1973, 272 So. 2d 507; Middleton v. Lomaskin, Fla.App.1972, 266 So. 2d 678; Poche v. Leon Motor Lodge, Inc., Fla.App. 1973, 275 So. 2d 55.1 Under both the exculpatory clause and the indemnity provision, the party seeking the limitation of liability or the indemnity may well be the party whose own negligence gave rise to th…
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Sabina van Tuyn v. Zurich Am. Ins. Co., 447 So. 2d 318 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984)…73). For such a clause to be effective, however, it must clearly state that it releases the party from liability for its own negligence. L. Luria & Son, Inc. v. Alarmtec International Corp., 384 So. 2d 947 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980); Middleton v. Lomaskin, 266 So. 2d 678 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972). That this must be a clear and unequivocal statement was emphasized by the Florida Supreme Court in University Plaza Shopping Center, Inc. v. Stewart, 272 So. 2d 507 (Fla.1973) where it addressed the issue in the context of an ind…
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L. Luria & SON, Inc. v. Alarmtec Int'l Corp., 384 So. 2d 947 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980)…DCA 1978); Kinkaid v. Avis Rent-A-Car Systems, Inc., 281 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 4th DCA 1973) (dissenting opinion). Such clauses have been upheld, however, as valid and enforceable where the intention is made clear and unequivocal. Middleton v. Lomaskin, 266 So. 2d 678 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972). We find the aforecited clause to be clear and unequivocal in totally absolving the appellee from liability under the facts alleged in this complaint. The trial court was therefore correct in dismissing the complaint. In view of…
Previewing 3 of 29 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Butler v. Maney, 146 Fla. 33 (Fla. 1941)
- Thomas Awning & Tent Co., Inc. v. Toby's Twelfth Cafeteria, Inc., 204 So. 2d 756 (Fla. 3d DCA 1967)
- Conroy v. Briley, 191 So. 2d 601 (Fla. 1st DCA 1966)
- ST. Pierre v. Food Fair Stores, 135 So. 2d 9 (Fla. 3d DCA 1961)
- Mut. Emps. Trademart, Inc. v. Armour Serv. OF Fla., Inc., 170 So. 2d 64 (Fla. 3d DCA 1964)