ELLIS HANCOCK, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 1st DCA | 1973-04-24
No. Q-450
RAWLS and JOHNSON, JJ., concur.
276 So. 2d 223 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1973) Caution
Cited by 10 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Ellis Hancock appeals his conviction for assault with intent to commit murder and firearm possession. The court affirmed the conviction, holding that although Hancock was initially entitled to a jury instruction on defense of others, he negated that defense through his own testimony claiming self-defense instead.


Holding

Although Hancock was initially entitled to a jury instruction on defense of others based on the state's evidence, he negated this defense through his own testimony. By testifying that he shot Mills in self-defense after observing his nephew wounded, rather than in defense of his nephew, Hancock forfeited the entitlement to the requested instruction.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant is entitled to a jury instruction on the defense of others when the evidence, viewed in the light most favorable to the defendant, supports the theory that th…

[2] A defendant's own testimony negating a defense theory forfeits the right to a jury instruction on that defense.

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Key Quotes

“Since one is justified in using such force as is deemed reasonably necessary to defend his relatives from a felony, he ought not be placed in a less favorable position before the jury because he merely assaulted the aggressor to thwart the commission of the felonious assault than he would occupy had he killed the aggressor”

Establishes the legal principle that a defendant defending relatives is entitled to assert that defense whether the assailant is killed or merely assaulted

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Facts & Procedural History

During a family dispute, Rudolph Porter brandished a shotgun and threatened to kill his wife and her family. When Mrs. Porter's brother (Willie Mills)…

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Opinion of the Court
SPECTOR, Chief Judge.

SPECTOR, Chief Judge.

Appellant seeks reversal of a judgment of guilty of assault with intent to commit murder and possession of a firearm while engaged in a criminal offense.

The incident giving rise to the charge involved a family argument originating between one Rudolph Porter and his wife. Porter, brandishing a shotgun, began threatening to kill his wife and her family. Mrs. Porter’s brother grabbed the gun and the two began struggling over its possession. During the struggle Mr. Porter called upon his uncle, Ellis Hancock, the appellant, to “kill all of them”. Appellant began firing a pistol and three bullets struck Mrs. Porter’s brother, Willie Mills. At approximately the same time, the shotgun discharged, fatally wounding Rudolph Porter.

Appellant contends, inter alia, that the trial court erred in refusing to instruct the jury on the law pertaining to the defense of others.

An analogous question was decided by the Second District Court of Appeal in Green v. State, 244 So.2d 167 (Fla.App.1971). The court held in Green that the trial court in a prosecution for assault with intent to commit murder was required to explain justifiable or excusable homicide in defining manslaughter as a degree of unlawful homicide. The court in Green cited Hedges v. State, 172 So.2d 824 (Fla.1965), which also held that:

“. . .in order to supply a complete definition of manslaughter as a degree of unlawful homicide it is necessary to include also a definition of the exclusions. . . "

*225Moreover, since an instruction on justifiable or excusable homicide is required in defining manslaughter, logic requires that such an instruction should have been given in the case at bar considering the facts in issue, except for the reason stated later in this .opinion. If the victim had died as a result of his gunshot wounds, appellant would have been entitled to an instruction on justifiable homicide in accordance with the case law of this state as expressed in Green, supra. How, then, can it be argued as contended by the state that appellant is not entitled to that instruction simply because he did not kill the person who was attacking his nephew? Whether a homicide resulted from appellant’s effort to defend his nephew or that the assailant was merely wounded during appellant’s defensive effort is immaterial. Since one is justified in using such force as is deemed reasonably necessary to defend his relatives from a felony, he ought not be placed in a less favorable position before the jury because he merely assaulted the aggressor to thwart the commission of the felonious assault than he would occupy had he killed the aggressor, as he is permitted to do by Section 782.02, Florida Statutes, F.S.A. We hasten to add that it is up to the jury to determine whether in fact the defendant’s conduct was in defense of his nephew against a felonious assault or whether defendant was engaged in the affray as a co-combatant with his nephew against the “in-laws”.

The evidence in the case at bar is in conflict as to whether appellant shot the brother of his nephew’s wife in defense of his nephew or whether he shot him as a co-aggressor or co-combatant in partnership with his nephew.

Since the jury could have found, based on the evidence adduced by the s+ate, that appellant acted in defense of his nephew, appellant would have been entitled to the requested instruction.

However, while appellant would have been entitled to the requested instruction on the basis of the facts and inferences adducible from the state’s evidence, that entitlement was negated when the defendant took the stand and testified that he shot Willie Mills in .self-defense after he had already observed his nephew lying on the street from the shotgun wound. He stated that Willie came after him with the shotgun and that he got the pistol out because he feared that Willie was going to shoot him.

Having negated the defense upon which he predicates his entitlement to the requested instruction by his own testimony, appellant can hardly be heard to say that it was error not to instruct the jury on a defense theory that was negated by his own testimony.

Affirmed.

RAWLS and JOHNSON, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Goode v. State, 856 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. 1st DCA 2003)
    …rotect himself, herself, or another from imminent death or great bodily harm. §§ 776.012, .031, Fla. Stat. (2000). Thus, an instruction on defense of others is cognizable under Florida law. See Palmore, 838 So. 2d at 1223; see also Hancock v. State, 276 So. 2d 223, 225 (Fla. 1st DCA 1973) (noting that the appellant would be entitled to an instruction on the defense of others where there was conflicting evidence as to whether the appellant shot the victim in defense of his nephew or whether the appellant was e…
  • Robinson v. State, 338 So. 2d 1309 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976)
    …In this context it isn’t necessary that it be predicated upon admitted evidence; it is appropriate, indeed mandatory, otherwise.” 245 So. 2d at 99. See also Clark v. State, 301 So. 2d 456 (Fla.3d DCA 1974). We have not overlooked Hancock v. State, 276 So. 2d 223 (Fla.1st DCA 1973). The court there recognized that an instruction on justifiable and excusable homicide is required in defining manslaughter; but it held that the trial court’s refusal to instruct on justifiable homicide was not reversible error be…
  • Sammie Lee Harris v. State, 580 So. 2d 243 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991)
    …e by no means cited or reviewed all the many cases dealing with the issue involved here, and it is conceded that many of the cases we have considered in our review could be cited as authority for arguments on both sides. See, e.g., Hancock v. State, 276 So. 2d 223 (Fla. 1st DCA), cert. denied, 279 So. 2d 876 (Fla.1973) (although court noted necessity of a complete definition of manslaughter under Hedges, in the case where defendant was charged with attempted murder, failure to give instruction on justifiable…

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