FRED A. HENSEL, JR., APPELLANT,
v.
ROBERT C. HENSEL, APPELLEE
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Appellant Fred Hensel obtained a summary judgment against Appellee Robert Hensel on a promissory note. Appellee sought relief from the judgment under Rule 1.540(b), claiming the note lacked consideration, had been released, and had been partially paid. The court reversed, holding that affirmative defenses must be raised in the original suit and cannot be the basis for post-judgment relief unless they constitute newly discovered evidence or involve mistake, inadvertence, or excusable neglect.
Affirmative defenses and grounds for equitable relief that were available prior to judgment cannot serve as the basis for relief from judgment under Rule 1.540(b) unless they fall within the narrow exceptions of newly discovered evidence or mistake/inadvertence. The 'equities' contemplated by Rule 1.540(b)(5) are those arising after final judgment, not pre-existing defenses that should have been raised at trial.
[1] A motion for relief from judgment under Rule 1.540(b) must allege grounds that arise after the judgment was entered, not defenses available prior to the judgment.
[2] Affirmative defenses such as lack of consideration, prior release, or partial payment are not proper grounds for relief from judgment under Rule 1.540(b) unless they fall…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the specific grounds upon which he relies are affirmative defenses and are more properly raised and provable in the suit itself. Exceptions to this are, of course, embraced within grounds 1 and 2 of the aforesaid rule relating to mistake, inadvertence, etc., or to newly discovered evidence”
Establishes that affirmative defenses must be raised during the original suit and cannot be the basis for post-judgment relief except in narrow circumstances
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant obtained final judgment against Appellee on a promissory note in the amount of $10,181.53 based on Appellee's admissions in interrogatory re…
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Appellant brought suit against appellee on a promissory note. Final judgment (apparently summary in nature) was entered in favor of plaintiff-appellant on March 10, *2281972, the court finding that “ . . . the defendant admitted in his answer to interrogatories” an indebtedness of $10,181.53, and that “ . . .no genuine issue of fact exists ...” but that plaintiff-appellant was entitled to judgment as a matter of law. No appeal was taken from this final judgment and no relief was sought under Rule 1.530, R.C.P., 31 F.S.A. (relating to new trials, rehearing and amendment of judgments).
Instead, approximately two months after the judgment, appellee filed a motion under Rule 1.540(b), R.C.P., seeking “relief from judgment,” alleging that “it is not equitable that said judgment should have perspective [sic] application” for the following reasons: (1) the note was not given for any consideration; (2) prior release; and (3) partial payment. The release relied upon and an affidavit, along with checks and money orders allegedly evidencing partial payment, were attached as exhibits to the motion; but on their face they show that they were all executed more than a year prior to the final judgment. Notwithstanding, the trial judge granted the motion for relief under the aforesaid Rule 1.540(b) and this interlocutory appeal ensued.1 We reverse.
Rule 1.540(b), supra, specifically sets forth five grounds for relief from judgment :
“(1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect;
(2) newly discovered evidence which by due diligence could not have been discovered in time to move for a new trial or rehearing;
(3) fraud (whether heretofore denominated intrinsic or extrinsic), misrepresentation or other misconduct of an adverse party;
(4) the judgment or decree is void;
(5)the judgment or decree has been satisfied, released or discharged or a prior judgment or decree upon which it is based has been reversed or otherwise vacated or it is no longer equitable that the judgment or decree should have prospective application.” (Italics supplied)
Clearly, appellee sought relief pursuant to ground No. 5, contending, as we said, that “it is not equitable” that said judgment be given prospective application. But, the specific grounds upon which he relies are affirmative defenses and are more properly raised and provable in the suit itself. Exceptions to this are, of course, embraced within grounds 1 and 2 of the aforesaid rule relating to mistake, inadvertence, etc., or to newly discovered evidence,2 but neither is alleged here. Indeed, as to the evidence relied upon, i. e., the prior release and the other exhibits, they were available prior to the judgment as noted and are not “newly discovered” otherwise within contemplation of the rule.
In line with this, we are further of the view that the equities spoken of in ground No. 5 of the rule are those which come to fruition after a final judgment, not those which would theretofore have been available as defenses to the action. This is so because to say, in the language of the rule, that it is “no longer equitable” that a judgment be given prospective effect is to say that it once was equitable that it have such effect. This in turn, of course, presupposes that the judgment was valid to begin with. It is therefore entitled to the “finality” inherent in the concept of res judicata and in the law’s desire to terminate litigation unless strictly falling within the exceptions of the rule.3
We hold that appellee’s motion did not allege sufficient grounds for relief *229pursuant to Rule 1.540(b), R.C.P., and that, accordingly, the trial judge erred in granting such relief. The order appealed from is therefore reversed and the cause is remanded with directions to quash that order and to reinstate the final judgment.
Reversed and remanded.
LILES, A. C. J., and PIERCE, J., (Ret.), concur.
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Sottile v. Gaines Constr. Co., 281 So. 2d 558 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973)…intiff’s cause of action except if such affirmative defenses arise within the ambit of the RCP 1.540, 31 F.S.A. grounds for relief from judgments. 19 Fla.Jur., Judgments and Decrees § 334 (1973 Cumulative Supplement); Hensel v. Hensel, Fla.App.1973, 276 So. 2d 227. The case sub judice is one in which the-appellee is attempting, by an independent suit, to collaterally attack the default judgment entered against it by the Circuit Court of Brevard County. It is our opinion that such an attack on the Brevard Cou…
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In re Guardianship of Theresa Marie Schiavo v. Schiavo, 792 So. 2d 551 (Fla. 2d DCA 2001)…a judgment without time limitation if “it is no longer equitable that the judgment or decree should have prospective application.” In order to preserve the finality of judgments, this ground has been rather narrowly construed. See Hensel v. Hensel, 276 So. 2d 227 (Fla. 2d DCA 1973).6 This ground was modeled after Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 60(b)(5). In federal cases, it has been applied specifically to mandatory injunctions, consent decrees, and other ongoing or executory judgments. DeWeerth v. Baldinge…
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Pollock v. T & M Invs., Inc., 420 So. 2d 99 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)…e motion shall be made within a reasonable time, * * * (emphasis added) While T & M’s motion raises matters accruing after entry of the final judgment which, technically, are properly brought under the above provision of the rule, Hensel v. Hensel, 276 So. 2d 227 (Fla. 2d DCA 1973); Trawick’s Florida Practice and Procedure § 26-8 at 410 (1980 Ed.), it is strikingly apparent to this court that the trial court was not authorized to consider T & M’s motion since it was, first, not filed within a “reasonable tim…
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