CITY OF MIAMI BEACH, A MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, ET AL., APPELLANTS,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA EX REL. PHILIP R. CONSOLO AND LOU GROSSMAN, APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 1973-05-15
Nos. 72-1191, 72-1198, 72-1199, 72-1207
Before CHARLES CARROLL and HENDRY, JJ., and JOHNSON, DEWEY M., Associate Judge.
279 So. 2d 76 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1973) Negative Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The City of Miami Beach improperly rezoned property from PUD-2 to SR-1 without following mandatory procedural requirements in its own zoning ordinance, including failing to comply with a one-year waiting period after a previous failed rezoning attempt. The court issued a writ of mandamus requiring the city to process the property owner's site plan under the original PUD-2 classification.


Holding

The city's rezoning was invalid and a nullity because it violated mandatory procedural requirements in its own zoning ordinance. The council reconsidered the rezoning change within one month of its rejection, violating the ordinance provision requiring at least one year before reconsideration, and failed to follow required procedures including board recommendation and public hearing. The property retains its PUD-2 status, and the city must process the revised site plan in accordance with PUD-2 requirements.


Headnotes

[1] A municipality's attempt to change property zoning classification is a nullity if it fails to follow its own mandatory procedural ordinances, including notice and public…

[2] A zoning ordinance provision prohibiting reconsideration of a proposed change in district boundaries for at least one year after disapproval or failure of passage must be…

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Key Quotes

“The Town cannot exercise the authority to change zoning granted by one provision of the comprehensive zoning plan, and yet completely ignore the obligatory requirements of the same ordinance as they pertain to the method and procedure for making zoning changes.”

Establishes the principle that municipalities must follow their own procedural requirements when exercising zoning authority and cannot selectively apply ordinance provisions.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellees owned land zoned PUD-2 allowing up to 50 residential units per acre. After the planning board disapproved their initial site plan, the city …

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellant-respondents are the City of Miami Beach, its council and planning board (hereinafter referred to respectively as “city”, “council”, and “board”). Appellants seek review of an adverse final judgment and the issuance of a peremptory writ of mandamus against them and an order denying them leave to file a late return to an alternative writ of mandamus. The two plenary and two interlocutory appeals have been consolidated for all appellate purposes.

Appellees are the owners of a parcel of land within the “city” previously zoned P. U.D.-2 (Planned Unit Development). This classification allowed the construction of a *77maximum of fifty residential units per acre. Prior to development, however, § 6-3(K) of the “city’s” zoning ordinances required the appellees to submit and gain approval for a site plan1 by the Planning and Zoning Department through the “board”, after a public hearing with due notice to those interested and the general public.2 The appellees submitted their site plan to the “board” and after a public hearing the “board” disapproved of the plan suggesting changes to be made therein. Thereafter, the “council” requested the “board” to convene a public hearing and recommend a possible change, amendment or boundary extension in order to change the P.U.D.-2 classification of the property to SR-1 (single family residence). Pursuant to the “city’s” zoning ordinances3 a public hearing was held before the “board” *78after due notice and the “board” recommended the change to the “council”, provided a buffer .zone was acquired by the “city” through its condemnation power. The “council”, thereupon, held its own public. hearing on March 9, 1972, and the proposal failed of the %ths votes necessary for approval. Over one month later, on April 19, 1972, the “council” voted to rezone the appellees’ property from its P. U.D.-2 classification to SR-1 without notice, consideration by the “board” or public hearings.

On June 7, 1972, appellees submitted their revised site plan for development of their P.U.D. property to the “board”. The “board” denied appellees’ request for a public hearing on the plan due to the action of the “council” in classifying the property as SR-1 on April 19, 1972.

Appellees filed their petition for an alternative writ of mandamus on July 28, 1972, which was granted directing the appellants to receive the site plan and call a public hearing on same and to recommend action on the plan. In the alternative, the appellants were to show cause for noncompliance with the alternative writ. At the time scheduled for the return on the writ, the appellants moved to quash. That motion was denied and the court directed the appellants to file their return. The appellants stated their present inability to answer. Hearing was set on September 5, 1972, for formal entry of the order denying the motion to quash, and to consider the final judgment and peremptory writ of mandamus. At that time, appellants moved to file a late return to the alternative writ with a proposed return attached. In denying appellants’ motion to file the late return, the court noted that, “even though-the time for filing a return has long passed, the Court- has examined the tendered return attached to said motion and has heard arguments of counsel upon the sufficiency thereof, and it is the opinion of the Court that the return tendered and presented as a part of said motion is insufficient in law and in fact.” Final judgment was entered in appellees’ favor and a peremptory writ of mandamus issued directing the “city”, “council” and “board” to receive the site plan and to comply with the procedures for the consideration of same as set out in the ordinances aforementioned. It is to these various actions of the trial court that the appellants direct our scrutiny.

The pivotal question presented by this appeal is whether the “city” has effectively and legally changed the classification of appellees’ property from P.U.D.-2 to SR-1. If the change of classification by the “city” was proper than the refusal of the plan “board” to consider appellees’ revised site plan was proper since such a procedure is inappropriate to property zoned SR-1 without provision for the use contemplated by appellees. However, if the act of the “city” in re-classifying the property was not valid and effectual, then the dictates of the ordinance places a mandatory duty upon the “board” to set the site plan for public hearing and review.4

The “city’s” action in requesting the planning “board” to consider such a change is permissive under § 16-1 of the zoning ordinance. See note 3, supra. However, once the request is made the dictates of the ordinance calling for petition, notice and public hearings are mandatory. Thus, once the “city” has decided to consider such a change, amendment or supplement of the district boundaries, it must *79submit the same to the plan “board” for its recommendations and report given after the “board” has held a noticed public hearing on the change. The “council” may then adopt such a change only after the “council” holds a public hearing on the matter, with due notice, and the approving vote of %ths of the “council”. These steps were followed once in the case sub judice. However, the change was rejected by the “council”. At that point, § 16-3 of the Ordinances came into effect providing:

“When a proposed change in district boundaries has been acted upon by the City Council and disapproved or failed of passage, such proposed change, in the same or substantially similar form, shall not be reconsidered by the City Council for a period of at least, one year following the date of such action.” [Emphasis supplied.]

Contrary to this provision of the ordinance, the “council” reconsidered the change a month after the original change failed of passage. Moreover, the reconsideration was not prefaced by the set procedures provided for by the “city’s” own ordinances. We have carefully considered the arguments of appellants attempting to show that their actions were not governed by the foregoing ordinances and the arguments in the alternative attempting to show substantial compliance therewith and we have found these arguments to be unpersuasive. We agree with that philosophy expressed by the Fourth District Court of Appeal in the case of Florida Tallow Corp. v. Bryan, Fla.App.1970, 237 So.2d 308, wherein the court noted: (237 So.2d at 310)

“(5) The Town in wielding its zoning authority under Ordinance No. 5-63-1 finds itself working with a double-bitted axe which cuts both ways. The Town cannot exercise the authority to change zoning granted by one provision of . the comprehensive zoning plan, and yet completely ignore the obligatory requirements of the same ordinance as they pertain to the method and procedure for making zoning changes.”

We are, therefore, of the opinion that the “city’s” attempt to change the classification of appellee’s property from P.U.D.-2 to SR-1 was a nullity and the property retains its former status. As such, it is the clear legal duty of the “city”, “council” and “board” to process the revised site plan of appellees for the use of said property in accordance with the provisions of § 7-1 of the zoning ordinances of the “city”. We have considered appellants’ remaining points and have found them to be without merit.

Accordingly, the final judgment, peremptory writ of mandamus and the order denying appellants the right to file a late return to the alternative writ are hereby affirmed.

Affirmed.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Wiley Webb v. Town Council OF Town OF Hilliard, 766 So. 2d 1241 (Fla. 1st DCA 2000)
    …(Fla.1966)(Since City Commission did not comply with notice and public hearing provisions, ordinance was invalid); Healthsouth Doctors’ Hospital, Inc. v. Hartnett, 622 So. 2d 146, 148 (Fla. 3d DCA 1993); City of Miami Beach v. State ex rel. Consolo, 279 So. 2d 76, 78-79 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973), cert. denied, 292 So. 2d 24 (Fla.1974)(City’s attempt to change classification of property was a nullity, because the proposed change was not effected in accordance with the procedural requirements of the zoning ordinance,…
  • O'Connor v. Dade Cnty., 410 So. 2d 605 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982)
    …n its appellate capacity, was there [*606] fore erroneous and a departure from the essential requirements of the law. Gulf & Eastern Development Corp. v. City of Ft. Lauderdale, 354 So. 2d 57 (Fla.1978); City of Miami Beach v. State ex rel. Consolo, 279 So. 2d 76 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973), cert. denied, 292 So. 2d 24 (Fla.1974); Florida Tallow Corp. v. Bryan, 237 So. 2d 308 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970). Consequently, treating this appeal as a petition for certiorari, Save Brickell Ave., Inc. v. City of Miami, 393 So. 2d 119…
  • …Certiorari denied. 279 So. 2d 76. ADKINS, C. J., and ROBERTS, BOYD and DEKLE, JJ., concur. ERVIN, J., dissents.…

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