IRVIN POLLAK, APPELLANT,
v.
HARRIET POLLAK, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1973-07-17
No. 72-853
Before CHARLES CARROLL, HEN-DRY and HAVERFIELD, JJ.
282 So. 2d 30 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1973) Positive Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

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Synopsis

This case involves an appeal from a divorce judgment where the appellate court reviewed the division of marital property, specifically stock interests. The court affirmed the wife's ownership of some stock but reversed the division of other stock, finding it was not a completed gift.


Holding

The court held that the evidence supported the wife's 50% ownership of Tangiers Enterprises, Inc. stock due to a presumption of a gift when jointly held. However, the court held it was error to award the wife 50% of Pinetree Towers, Inc. stock, finding the husband's testimony rebutted the presumption of a gift.


Headnotes

[1] When title to real estate and stocks are taken in the joint names of spouses, a presumption of a gift of an interest therein to the wife arises, which can only be overcom…

[2] The conclusive evidence necessary to rebut the presumption of a gift to a spouse is proof of lack of donative intent beyond a reasonable doubt.

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Key Quotes

“When title to real estate and stocks are taken in the joint names of spouses a presumption of a gift of an interest therein to the wife arises and this presumption can only be overcome by a clear, positive and. unequivocal showing that no gift was intended.”

Establishes the legal standard for rebutting the presumption of a gift when property is jointly held by spouses.

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Facts & Procedural History

The parties entered into an antenuptial agreement before their marriage. During the marriage, the wife built up successful dress shops with her husban…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Defendant7appellant appeals from a final judgment granting a dissolution of marriage and imposing a division of certain properties.

Prior to their marriage in 1944, the parties entered into an antenuptial agreement whereby the petitioner-wife for $5,000 agreed to release any and all interest in the appellant-husband’s real or personal property that might be asserted because of the marital relationship. Thereafter, with the initial money from her husband, appel-lee-wife built up a successful group of dress shops. In the meantime the appellant began to expand his real estate holdings. In 1968 the parties separated but continued to live under the same roof until the final hearing in this cause on November 11, 1971. Having heard the testimony of both parties, the chancellor granted the dissolution of marriage and further found: (1) that the appellant had transferred to his wife as gifts a one-half interest in all real and personal property that he possessed or acquired during the marriage, (2) that the parties’ net worth was $1,000,000 and their net income exceeded $200,000 per year, and (3) that the antenuptial agreement was moot. In view of the above findings, no alimony was granted to the wife and each party had to bear his own legal fees and costs. It was then ordered and adjudged that the parties are tenants in common in the marital residence and each party owns *3250% of the capital stock of the Tangiers Enterprises, Inc., Pinetree Towers, Inc. and Harriet Stroke, Inc.

On appeal appellant contends that the evidence was legally insufficient to support a finding that the husband made an inter vivos gift of stock interest in the Tangiers and Pinetree Enterprises to his wife.'

We first considered this argument with regards to the Tangiers Enterprises, Inc. When title to real estate and stocks are taken in the joint names of spouses a presumption of a gift of an interest therein to the wife arises and this presumption can only be overcome by a clear, positive and. unequivocal showing that no gift was intended. Witlin v. Witlin, Fla.App.1963, 153 So.2d 70 and cases cited therein. Further, the conclusive evidence necessary to rebut this presumption is proof of lack of donative intent beyond a reasonable doubt, not merely by preponderance of the evidence. Schoenrock v. Schoenrock, Fla.App.1967, 202 So.2d 571. The record in the case sub judice reflects that the appellant and his wife purchased the stock of the Tangiers Enterprises, Inc. jointly and, therefore, under these circumstances she is entitled to 50% of the Tangiers’ stock. See F.S. § 689.15 F.S.A.

Next we turned to the appellant’s contention above with respect to the. Pine-tree Towers, Inc. At the hearing held by the chancellor, the wife testified that the appellant, her husband, gave her as a gift 50% interest in the Pinetree corporation. However, although a presumption that a gift to the wife is intended when property for which theljhusband has paid the purchase price is transferred later to the wife as in the case at bar, such a presumption is not conclusive and may be rebutted by proof of the real intention of the husband. Dames v. Dames, Fla.App.1963, 149 So.2d 570. The record on appeal in this case reveals that the wife relies to some extent on the husband’s testimony to prove the gift, and it is the husband’s testimony that the stock was given to her on a temporary basis or in trust because at the time of the stock transfer he was seriously ill. In other words, the appellant testified to the effect that the Pinetree stocks which he gave her were not intended as a gift. Accordingly, we hold it was error for the chancellor to adjudge each party to own 50% of the capital stock of Pinetree Towers, Inc. We find the appellant is entitled to 100% of the capital stock of the Pinetree Towers corporation and direct the chancellor to enter a new order in accordance therewith.

We considered appellant’s remaining points on appeal and find them to be without merit. .

On cross-appeal, appellee-wife contends that the chancellor erred in denying appellee’s application for attorney’s fees, costs and alimony. It is well established that the chancellor has the discretion to grant or deny the above. No abuse of discretion having been made to appear, we, therefore, affirm that part of the judgment as regards attorneys’ fees, costs and alimony.

Affirmed in part, reversed in part and remanded with directions to enter a new order as directed.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Muhlrad v. Muhlrad, 375 So. 2d 24 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
    …sband should have been required to pay the wife’s entire attorney’s fee. Appellant has failed to make any clear demonstration of abuse of discretion, therefore, this court will not substitute its judgment for that of the trial court. Polak v. Polak, 282 So. 2d 30 (Fla.3d DCA 1973). In conclusion, we hold that the certain provisions relating to real and personal property are hereby reversed and the trial court is directed to proceed in accordance with the views expressed in this opinion. Further, it is to be…
  • Weese v. Weese, 328 So. 2d 501 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976)
    …CURIAM. Affirmed. See Reback v. Reback, Fla. App.1974, 296 So. 2d 541; Schwartz v. Schwartz, Fla.App.1974, 297 So. 2d 117; Lash v. Lash, Fla.App.1975, 307 So. 2d 241; Escobar v. Escobar, Fla.App.1974, 300 So. 2d 702; Pollak v. Pollak, Fla.App.1973, 282 So. 2d 30; Mertz v. Mertz, Fla.App.1973, 287 So. 2d 691 and Ginsberg v. Ginsberg, Fla.App.1960, 122 So. 2d 30.…
  • Maryea v. Ermgard Maryea, 320 So. 2d 882 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975)
    …presumption is raised [*884] that she intended to make a gift to her husband. Ball v. Ball, Fla.App.2d, 1974, 303 So. 2d 32. The evidence relevant to rebutting the presumption is proof of lack of donative intent. Pollak v. Pollak, Fla.App.3d, 1973, 282 So. 2d 30. At one time, the degree of proof required was beyond a reasonable doubt. Pollak v. Pollak, supra; Schoenrock v. Schoenrock, Fla.App.2d, 1967, 202 So. 2d 571. More recently, since these issues have always been exclusively the subject of equity juris…

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