WILLIAM GEORGE BROGE ET AL., APPELLANTS,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1974-01-08
Nos. 72-399—72-402
WALDEN and MAGER, JJ., concur.
288 So. 2d 280 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1974) Negative Treatment
Cited by 29 cases

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Synopsis

Appellants convicted of felony riot charges arising from a labor dispute challenged the prosecutor's closing argument remarks as improper. The court affirmed the convictions, finding the prosecutor's statements were fair rebuttal to defense counsel's repeated attacks on witness credibility and accusations of perjured testimony.


Holding

The prosecutor's comments, though ambiguous, were fair rebuttal to defense counsel's repeated personal attacks on witness veracity and accusations of state complicity in presenting perjured testimony, and therefore do not constitute grounds for reversal.


Headnotes

[1] A prosecutor's comment during closing argument, even if ambiguous, may be permissible if it is a fair rebuttal to defense counsel's accusations of fabricated testimony an…

[2] A defendant cannot complain of an improper prosecutorial remark if that remark was induced by and in fair rebuttal to the defense's own improper statements regarding witn…

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Key Quotes

“we cannot afford to lay down a rule here which would make it hereafter possible for an attorney for the defendant in any hard fought criminal case to deliberately goad the state's attorney, by unfounded or improper charges and insinuations, into heated, indiscreet, and improper reply, and to then use such reply to secure a reversal of the case”

Establishes the principle that defendants cannot benefit from improper prosecution remarks that they deliberately induced through their own misconduct.

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Facts & Procedural History

Following a five-week jury trial, appellants were convicted of various felony riot charges stemming from a labor dispute. During closing arguments, de…

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Opinion of the Court
FERRIS, JOHN G., Associate Judge.

FERRIS, JOHN G., Associate Judge.

Following a five weeks jury trial, appellants were convicted on various felony riot charges which stemmed from a labor dispute. Appellants do not challenge the sufficiency of the evidence but complain mainly of improper remarks and statements of the prosecutor. The most serious instance occurred during final argument when the prosecutor said:

“If you consciously believe this case has been handled improperly by the State or by the Court, do it. Don’t feel badly about it. My duty, as I told you, is to see that these defendants get a fair trial and that is your duty also. I cannot believe under any stretch of the imagination, under any of these interpretations of these facts in this case, that you can believe that.” While the quoted comment, even though ambiguous, seems to be relaying the prosecutor’s personal belief on the believability of portions of the evidence, it is of course lifted out of context of the entire argument and its relationship to argument of defense counsel. In his closing argument, defense counsel castigated the testimony of the policemen who testified, commenting on the “false testimony” and “bold lies” of these witnesses. He accused the prosecution of “buying” evidence and knowing that the police officers had deliberately lied in this case. In rebutting those comments and others, the prosecutor advised the jury that if they believed those accusations as to the testimony of the police officers they should immediately find the defendants not guilty and then made the comment above quoted.

The Supreme Court was faced with a similar situation in Henderson v. State, 1927, 94 Fla. 318, 113 So. 689, and, after reviewing the alleged improper remarks and the arguments of the defense which preceded them, said:

“ . . .we cannot afford to lay down a rule here which would make it hereafter possible for an attorney for the defendant in any hard fought criminal case to deliberately goad the state’s attorney, by unfounded or improper charges and insinuations, into heated, indiscreet, and improper reply, and to then use such reply to secure a reversal of the case, regardless of the sufficiency of the evidence, thus enabling him to take advantage of his own wrong. This would indeed, be a dangerous precedent.”

We find that the comment complained of was induced by, and was in fair rebuttal to, the repeated personal expressions by defense counsel as to veracity of certain witnesses and to the complicity of the state in offering known perjured testimony. The defendants cannot therefore be heard to complain in these circumstances.

Both prosecution and defense attorneys are reminded that, though a prolonged and hotly contested criminal jury trial will occasionally produce emotional remarks and replies, they are both under a continuing duty to refrain from improper remarks which may well prompt other improper remarks in retaliation. Disciplinary Rule DR 7 — 106(C) (4) of the Code of Professional Responsibility of the Florida Bar, 32 F.S.A. enjoins all trial counsel from asserting :

“ . . . his personal opinion as to the justness of a cause, as to the credibility of a witness, as to the culpability of a civil litigant, or as to the guilt or innocence of an accused; but he may argue, on his analysis of the evidence, for any position or conclusion with respect to the matters stated herein.”

Finding no error requiring reversal, the judgments of conviction in each case are affirmed.

WALDEN and MAGER, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By (15 total)

  • Metro. Dade Cnty. v. Dillon, 305 So. 2d 36 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974)
    …s statements made to the jury during closing arguments will not serve as a basis for reversing a judgment. Wise v. Jacksonville Gas Corporation, Fla.App.1957, 97 So. 2d 704; Lovell v. Henry, Fla.App.1968, 212 So. 2d 67; Broge v. State, Fla.App.1974, 288 So. 2d 280. In the instant case, the remarks complained of were not of such an inflammatory character as to mandate a new trial. Under their sixth point, appellants directly attack the size of the verdict, contending that the total sum of $900,000 was excessi…
  • Jennings v. State, 124 So. 3d 257 (Fla. 3d DCA 2013)
    …y implicate” Jennings was due to his action in insisting on an early trial date. The State argues the prosecutor’s comments were not error, but rather a fair reply to defense counsel’s improper remarks in closing argument, citing to Broge v. State, 288 So. 2d 280, 281 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974) (holding a prosecutor’s comments indicating his personal belief in the State’s witnesses was a fair reply to defense counsel’s attack on the veracity of the State’s witnesses). The fair reply doctrine, however, has limits. K…
  • Broge v. State, 295 So. 2d 302 (Fla. 1974)
    …Certiorari denied. 288 So. 2d 280. ADKINS, C. J., and ROBERTS, ERVIN, BOYD and McCAIN, JJ., concur.…

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