STATE OF FLORIDA, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION, APPELLANT,
v.
DOROTHY M. MANNING, APPELLEE

Fla. 2d DCA | 1974-01-18
No. 73-452
MANN, C. J., and BOARDMAN and GRIMES, JJ., concur.
288 So. 2d 289 Florida District Court of Appeal, Second District (1974) Positive Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

The court held that the Department waived its right to appeal the denial of its initial motion for a directed verdict by proceeding with its case, and that the jury was entitled to find the Department liable for the plaintiff's injuries.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant waives any error in the denial of an initial motion for directed verdict by proceeding with the presentation of its evidence.

[2] Photographs taken after an accident are admissible if they accurately reflect the condition of the scene at the time of the accident, with any discrepancies going to the…

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

The plaintiff's car veered off the road due to a drop-off on the shoulder, crossed into oncoming traffic, and caused a head-on collision. There were n…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

The State of Florida Department of Transportation (Department) appeals from a $100,000.00 judgment entered upon a jury verdict. While the facts were in substantial conflict, the jury resolved these issues in favor of the plaintiff. Therefore, they will be stated in the manner reflected by the record which is most favorable to the plaintiff.

The plaintiff was proceeding in an easterly direction on a two-lane highway at a speed of approximately 30 miles per hour. She noticed an oncoming car pulling into her lane of traffic so she pulled her vehicle to the right. Her right front wheel left the paved portion of the highway at a point where there was a substantial drop off to the unpaved shoulder of the road. The plaintiff’s automobile then veered back on the highway and across into the other lane of traffic where it was involved in a head-on collision with another automobile. As a consequence, the plaintiff was seriously injured.

There were no signs near the scene of the accident to warn motorists of the drop off. A veteran police officer, who was qualified as an accident reconstruction expert, testified that in his opinion a car travelling 30 miles per hour would go out of control if it were turned back onto the highway from the drop off in question.

The Department’s first contention is that the court erred in failing to grant its motion to dismiss at the conclusion of the plaintiff’s case because there was no evidence that the Department had either actual or constructive knowledge of the alleged defect.1 The Department may well have been entitled to a directed verdict at that juncture. However, the Department is precluded from raising this point on appeal by reason of the doctrine announced in 6551 Collins Avenue v. Millen, Fla.1958, 104 So. 2d 337, and reaffirmed in Gulf Heating and Refrigeration Co. v. Iowa Mutual Ins. Co., Fla.1966, 193 So. 2d 4. In these cases, the supreme court held that a defendant, by proceeding with the presentation of his evidence, waives any error in the denial of his initial motion for directed verdict and that the court’s ruling on the renewed motion required at the close of the case must be based on a consideration of all the evidence adduced in the case.

The defendant put on as a witness one of its employees who testified that on the day preceding the accident he and his maintenance crew were working on the shoulder of the road at the very point where the accident occurred. While he testified that there was no defect in the shoulder when he left the job site, the photographs tend to contradict his statement. In any event, it is clear that the Department had knowledge of the condition of the shoulder (whatever that condition was) shortly prior to the accident. The jury was entitled to believe such portion of the Department’s evidence as it wished. Consequently, any error premised upon the failure to prove knowledge on the part of the Department was cured in the presentation of the Department’s case.

The Department attacks the admissibility of certain photographs which tended to illustrate the dangerous nature of the drop off. These photographs were taken two days after the accident. However, one of the patrolmen said that they properly reflected the condition of the shoulder as it was at the time of his investigation immediately following the accident. Therefore, the Department’s contention that the drop off must have been deepened by reason of cars having driven around the wreck went to the weight the photographs should be given as evidence and not to their admissibility.

The Department further urges that the evidence reflects that the accident was due solely to the plaintiff’s contributory negligence. The Department argues that the evidence does not reflect that the plaintiff’s automobile was out of control until she attempted to pull it back on the highway and that a prudent driver would have continued to drive on the shoulder until she had reduced her speed to such a point as she could safely return to the pavement.2

We believe that the question of the plaintiff’s contributory negligence was properly submitted to the jury. Where one is confronted with a sudden emergency which is not of his own making, he is not held to the same degree of prudence which might otherwise be expected. Dupree v. Pitts, Fla.App.3rd, 1964, 159 So. 2d 904. The jury could have and apparently did conclude that the plaintiff when faced with the sudden emergency of an unusual drop off on the shoulder of the road-'acted in such a manner as was not negligent under the circumstances. Cf. Dixon v. Thompson, Fla.App.1st, 1969, 217 So. 2d 887.

Even though the drop off was on the shoulder of the road rather than on the paved portion of the highway, the responsibility for maintaining the shoulder was on the Department. The drop off was of such a nature and sufficiently close to the travelled surface as to permit the jury to conclude that it constituted an unreasonable hazard. Cf. Alwood v. City of Los Angeles, 1956, 139 Cal.App.2d 49, 293 P. 2d 69. Since the record contains sufficient evidence upon which the jury could have legally returned a verdict for the plaintiff, the judgment is

Affirmed.

MANN, C. J., and BOARDMAN and GRIMES, JJ., concur. . See City of Pensacola v. Herron, 1933, 112 Fla. 742, 153 So. 877; Singleton v. City of Jacksonville, Fla.App.lst, 1958, 107 So. 2d 47.

. The Florida Driver’s Manual prescribes this course of action.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Sikes v. Seaboard Coast Line R.R. Co., 429 So. 2d 1216 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983)
    …. Perrett v. Seaboard Coast Line R. Co., 299 So. 2d 590, 591-93 (Fla. 1974). . McCormick on Evidence § 275 (2d ed. 1972). . See State v. Cruz, 189 So. 2d 882, 885 (Fla. 1966) (Ervin, Justice, dissenting); State, Dept. of Transportation v. Manning, 288 So. 2d 289, 291 n. 2 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974), cert. denied, 295 So. 2d 307 (Fla.1974). . Legislative history of the two codes discloses that the Florida Evidence Code was enacted in 1976 by the Florida Legislature and approved in 1979 by the Florida Supreme Court.…
  • City OF Tamarac v. Garchar, 398 So. 2d 889 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981)
    …the unpaved portion adjacent to that surface, and a large pit two or three feet away from the paved portion of the roadway. See City of Hialeah v. Revels, 123 So. 2d 400 (Fla. 3d DCA 1960); State of Florida, Department of Transportation v. Manning, 288 So. 2d 289 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974); Brinson v. City of [*894] Mulberry, 104 Fla. 248, 139 So. 792 (1932). Clearly, a general duty on the part of a municipality does exist with respect to roadside hazards. Trumpe v. City of Coral Springs, 326 So. 2d 192 (Fla. 4th DC…
  • City OF Sarasota v. Eppard, 455 So. 2d 623 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984)
    …ition. City of St. Petersburg v. Collom, 419 So. 2d 1082 (Fla.1982); Department of Transportation v. Neilson, 419 So. 2d 1071 (Fla. 1982); Town of Belleair v. Taylor, 425 So. 2d 669 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983); State, Department of Transportation v. Manning, 288 So. 2d 289 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974), cert. denied, 295 So. 2d 307 (Fla.1974); City of Jacksonville v. DeRay, 418 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), cert. denied, 429 So. 2d 5 (Fla.1983); Hodges v. City of Winter Park, 433 So. 2d 1257 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983), cert. denied,…

Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw