ARTHUR R. ERLACHER, APPELLANT,
v.
PEGGY LOUISE ERLACHER, APPELLEE
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Arthur Erlacher was held in contempt for violating a post-divorce order by transferring property while under a restraint. The Florida appellate court reversed, finding the property transfer occurred outside the 120-day stay period due to the nunc pro tunc effective date, and holding that the contempt finding for failure to pay attorney fees lacked evidentiary support.
The court reversed the contempt conviction. The property transfer on November 28, 1972 did not violate the order because the 120-day stay period, calculated from the nunc pro tunc effective date of July 5, 1972, extended only through November 2, 1972. Additionally, the contempt finding for failure to pay the attorney's fee was unsupported because no evidence was presented at the hearing, and appellant was not afforded the opportunity to show the default was not willful.
[1] A nunc pro tunc order is intended to take effect as of a prior date when an action was actually taken but not recorded, and cannot supply omitted action by the court.
[2] A transfer of property occurring after the expiration of a stay of execution cannot violate the restraining provision of the order that imposed the stay.
Previewing 2 of 3 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“A nunc tunc entry is an entry made now, of something which was actually previously 'done, to have effect as of the former date. Its office is not to supply omitted action by the court, but to supply an omission in the record of action really had where entry thereof was omitted through inadvertence or mistake.”
Establishes the legal definition and purpose of nunc pro tunc orders, central to determining the effective restraint period
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceThe parties were divorced in 1961 with a decree requiring appellant to pay child support and alimony. In November 1971, the court entered a judgment f…
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OWEN, Chief Justice.
Appellant was held in contempt for violating post-final judgment orders in a divorce action. We reverse.
The parties were divorced by final decree entered March 30, 1961, which required appellant to pay child support and alimony to appellee. On November 19, 1971, the court entered an order awarding to appellee a judgment against appellant for the amount of child support and alimony then in arrears. A timely petition for rehearing resulted in an order by The Honorable Murray W. Overstreet, Circuit Judge, which in pertinent part read as follows :
“. . . [T]he Court will withhold execution and execution shall not issue on the judgment of this Court dated November 19, 1971, for a period of one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of this Order, provided further, the Plaintiff shall not dispose of or further alienate any of his property during said period of time that execution has been stayed.
“DONE and ORDERED in Chamber at Orlando, Orange County, Florida, this 8 day of November, 1972, nunc pro tunc July 5, 1972.”
On February 7, 1973, appellee gave notice of application to have appellant held in contempt, attaching a copy of a bill of sale dated November 28, 1972, whereby appellant had conveyed certain dental and office equipment to himself and his present wife as tenants of an estate by the entirety. A hearing was held before The Honorable Thomas E. Kirkland, Circuit Judge, at which time the execution and delivery of the bill of sale was conceded, but no other testimony or evidence was presented. Based thereon, Judge Kirkland adjudged appellant in contempt of the order entered November 8, 1972 nunc pro tunc July 5, 1972 “by transferring personal property to him and his present wife ... as tenants by the entirety in violation of said Order . . . ”, whereupon appellant was sentenced to thirty days imprisonment. The order contained appropriate provisions for appellant to purge himself, but these provisions are not relevant to our decision and hence are not recited.
The term “nunc pro tunc” is defined by Black’s Law Dictionary, Third Edition, P. 1267, as follows:
“A nunc tunc entry is an entry made now, of something which was actually previously 'done, to have effect as of the former date. Its office is not to supply omitted action by the court, but to supply an omission in the record of action really had where entry thereof was omitted through inadvertence or mistake. Perkins v. Perkins, 225 Mass. 392, 114 N.E. 713; People v. Rosenwald, 266 Ill. 548, 107 N.E. 854, 856; Ann.Cas.1915D, 688; Grizzard v. Fite, 137 Tenn. 103, 191 S.W. 969, 971; L.R.A.1917D, 652; Freeman v. Hulbert, 230 Mich. 455, 203 N.W. 158, 160.”
This definition, as well as the statement of its purpose and use seems to be universally followed. See, 288 A, Words and Phrases, 779-794. It is thus apparent that in order signed November 8, 1972 “nunc pro tunc July 5, 1972” was intended to take effect as of July 5, 1972. One hundred twenty days from July 5, 1972 extended through November 2, 1972 and thus, appellant’s execution and delivery of a bill of sale on November 28, 1972 could not violate the restraining provision of the order. Judge Kirkland’s order also found appellant in contempt of an order of the court dated July 26, 1971, requiring him to pay a $300.00 attorney’s fee to the appellee’s attorney. As indicated above, no evidence was taken before Judge Kirkland and' there is no basis in the record for a finding of a willful failure to pay the attorney’s fee. Before appellant can be held in contempt for his alleged failure to comply with this order, it is incumbent upon appellee to establish the fact of appellant’s failure to pay, and if established, appellant must be afforded the opportunity to show, if he can that such default was not willful. Section 10A, Fla.Jur., Dissolution of Marriage, §§ 369-373.
The order appealed is reversed.
WALDEN and DOWNEY, JJ., concur.
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Robbins v. Robbins, 429 So. 2d 424 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)…959). Before a respondent may be held in contempt for failure to comply with a court order, the court must be satisfied that he had the ability to pay and willfully refused. Ratner v. Ratner, 297 So. 2d 344 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974); Erlacher v. Erlacher, 289 So. 2d 459 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974). An inability to comply, due not to fault or neglect but to circumstances arising after the entry of the order requiring payment, may excuse noncompliance. Faircloth v. Faircloth, 339 So. 2d 650 (Fla.1976). The records before us…
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D.M. v. State, 580 So. 2d 634 (Fla. 1st DCA 1991)…nc pro tunc order generally refers to the trial judge’s previous action for which there is an insufficient record but not to a new or de novo decision. Whack v. Seminole Memorial Hospital, 456 So. 2d 561 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). In Erlacher v. Erlacher, 289 So. 2d 459, 460 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974), the court stated: The term “nunc pro tunc” is defined by Black’s Law Dictionary, Third Edition, P. 1267, as follows: “A nunc tunc entry is an entry made now, of something which was actually previously done, to have effect…
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Touchton-Williams v. State (Fla. 1st DCA 2026)