MARINE OFFICE-APPLETON & COX CORPORATION, APPELLANT,
v.
AQUA DYNAMICS, INC., A DISSOLVED FLORIDA CORPORATION, ET AL., APPELLEES
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An insurance company that paid a claim for a stolen yacht sued in subrogation against the bailee who lost the vessel. The court held that once a bailee's failure to return bailed goods is established, the bailee bears the burden of proving it exercised adequate care; here, the bailee's minimal testimony was insufficient to rebut the presumption of negligence.
A bailee who has sole, actual, and exclusive physical possession of goods is presumed negligent if unable to explain the loss or disappearance, and the bailee bears the burden of affirmatively showing it exercised the required degree of care. Here, the bailee's testimony that it had seen the yacht and an employee's testimony that others could have moved it without permission was insufficient to rebut the presumption of negligence.
[1] A bailee in sole, actual, and exclusive physical possession of goods is presumed negligent if unable to explain the loss or disappearance of the goods.
[2] The burden shifts to a bailee to demonstrate the exercise of due care when the bailed property is lost or not returned.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a bailee who has the sole, actual, and exclusive physical possession of the goods is presumed to be negligent if he cannot explain the loss or disappearance of the goods, and the law imposes on him the burden of showing that he exercised the degree of care required by the nature of the bailment.”
Establishes the foundational legal principle that a bailee bears the burden of proving adequate care once loss or disappearance is shown.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceRockmatt Corporation owned the yacht Mala Femina and entered into a bailment contract with Aqua Dynamics to store and sell the vessel. Aqua Dynamics a…
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PER CURIAM.
Plaintiff-appellant appeals an adverse final judgment entered in favor of defendant-appellee in an action to recover damages for negligent bailment.
Rockmatt Corporation, the owner of the yacht “Mala Femina”, entered into a written contract of bailment whereby the defendant-appellee, Aqua Dynamics, Inc., agreed to store and sell the above vessel. The contract further provided that Aqua Dynamics be liable for loss or damage by fire, theft or any damage to the boat if caused by Aqua’s negligence. The bailment contract provided the boat was to be sold by the defendant for Rockmatt without a brokerage fee because Mr. Moschet-ta, the full owner of the defendant corporation, was a one-third owner of Rockmatt Corporation. The Mala Femina was deliv ered to Aqua Dynamics and stored, but subsequently disappeared and never was redelivered to Rockmatt. The vessel was insured by plaintiff-appellant, Marine Office-Appleton & Cox Corporation (MOAC), which paid Rockmatt’s claim for the total loss thereof. Thereupon, Rock-matt executed a subrogation receipt in favor of MOAC which thereafter filed the instant action to recover damages for negligent bailment. The cause was tried non-jury, at the conclusion of which the trial judge entered judgment in favor of the defendant Aqua Dynamics, Inc. Plaintiff appeals therefrom.
Appellant alleges error on the part of the trial court in entering final judgment for defendant, where, after plaintiff established a prima facie case of bailment, the defendant failed to carry its burden of proving that its failure to return the boat was not the result of its negligence. We find this point well taken.
It has come to be well recognized’ that a bailee who has the sole, actual, and exclusive physical possession of the goods is presumed to be negligent if he cannot explain the loss or disappearance of the goods, and the law imposes on him the burden of showing that he exercised the degree of care required by the nature of the bailment. This rule applies not only to bailments for mutual benefit, but to gratuitous bailments. 8 Am.Jur.2d, Bailments § 307 (1963).
In the case sub judice, the plaintiff-appellant proved the bailment and the failure to redeliver the yacht to Rockmatt Corporation. In so doing, the duty then devolved upon the defendant bailee to go forward with the evidence and to affirmar tively show that it exercised some care, the degree thereof to be determined by the facts relating to the bailment. See Armored Car Service, Inc. v. First National Bank of Miami, Fla.App. 1959, 114 So. 2d 431 at 435. In other words, the bailee in order to avoid the inference that he breached the required degree of care, must go forward with sufficient evidence to persuade that the non-existence of the fact that there was a breach of duty of care, which would otherwise be inferred, is as probable as its existence. See Adelman v. M & S Welding Shop, Inc., Fla.App.1958, 105 So. 2d 802 at 804.
The record in the instant case reflects that the total evidence presented on behalf of Aqua Dynamics was the testimony of Mr. Moschetta that he had seen the Mala Femina (which was 28 feet long and 10 feet wide) on a trailer chained to the outside of the chain link fence of Aqua Dynamics premises fronting Biscayne Boulevard a week to ten days prior to the alleged disappearance or theft thereof. In addition, Moschetta further admitted that the vessel could have been sold or removed from the premises by other employees of Aqua Dynamics without his permission. On the other hand, the evidence on behalf of the plaintiff went beyond the mere showing of the bailment and the failure to return the alleged bailed article. There was testimony presented that security measures at Aqua Dynamics were inadequate and several boats and engines chained to the outside of the fence had been stolen prior to the alleged theft of the subject vessel.
Applying the foregoing principles of law to the facts cited hereinabove, we conclude that the appellee bailee failed to go forward with the evidence and affirmatively show that he exercised the requisite degree of care under the circumstances and, therefore, the judgment herein appealed is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to enter judgment in favor of the plaintiff bailor. Reversed and remanded.
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Citator
Cited By (13 total)
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Clermont Marine Sales, Inc. v. Binion Gaines Harmon, 347 So. 2d 839 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977)…OBSON, A. C. J., and SCHEB, J., concur. . Cf. Goodkind v. Wolkowsky, 151 Fla. 62, 9 So. 2d 553 (1942). . Cf. Kensington v. Gillman, 284 So. 2d 405 (Fla. 1st DCA 1973). . See, e. g., Marine Office-Appleton & Cox Corporation v. Aqua Dynamics, Inc., 295 So. 2d 370 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974); see also Adelman v.M & S Welding Shop, 105 So. 2d 802 (Fla. 3d DCA 1958). . 205 So. 2d 657 (Fla.1967). . Id. at p. 658.…
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AETNA Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Pappagallo Rest., Inc., 547 So. 2d 243 (Fla. 3d DCA 1989)…nt if he cannot explain the loss or disappearance of the goods, and the law imposes on him the burden of showing that he exercised the degree of care required by the nature of the bailment.” Marine Office-Appleton & Cox Corp. v. Aqua Dynamics, Inc., 295 So. 2d 370, 371 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974) (citation omitted). Section 90.302, Florida Statutes (1987), provides that: [EJvery rebuttable presumption is either: (1) A presumption affecting the burden of producing evidence and requiring the trier of fact to assume t…
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City OF Clearwater v. Thomas, 446 So. 2d 1160 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984)…ired by the nature of the bailment. Clermont Marine Sales, Inc. v. Harmon, 347 So. 2d 839 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977). This presumption of negligence has been extended to apply to gratuitous bailees. Marine Office-Appleton & Cox Corp. v. Aqua Dynamics, Inc., 295 So. 2d 370 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974); see also, 8 Am.Jur.2d Bailments § 326 (1980). Furthermore, a bailor may be entitled to a summary judgment on a prima facie showing of entitlement to the presumption of negligence if the bailee fails to present evidence contradict…
Previewing 3 of 13 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Armored CAR Serv., Inc. v. First Nat'l Bank OF Miami, 114 So. 2d 431 (Fla. 3d DCA 1959)
- Adelman v. M & S Welding Shop, Inc., 105 So. 2d 802 (Fla. 3d DCA 1958)