THE STATE OF FLORIDA EX REL. ALBERT LEE BARBER, RELATOR,
v.
HONORABLE DAN SATIN, JUDGE OF THE CIRCUIT COURT, CRIMINAL DIVISION, IN AND FOR DADE COUNTY, FLORIDA, RESPONDENT

Fla. 3d DCA | 1974-05-23
No. 74-508
. Before PEARSON, HENDRY and HAVERFIELD, JJ.
296 So. 2d 636 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1974) Positive Treatment
Cited by 6 cases

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Synopsis

Florida court grants prohibition writ, holding that a defendant's speedy trial rights were violated when he was not brought to trial within a reasonable time after a new information was filed following nolle prosequi of the original charge. The court finds the defendant was continuously available for trial despite the state's failure to properly issue a capias.


Holding

The court holds that once nolle prosequi was entered on the original information, the defendant was released from both custody and prosecution and was no longer bound by the original recognizance. A new capias should have been issued when the second information was filed. The 357-day period without trial violated the defendant's constitutional speedy trial right under both state and federal constitutions, and the motion to dismiss should have been granted.


Headnotes

[1] A nolle prosequi entered by the state releases a defendant from both custody and prosecution under the original information.

[2] Upon the filing of a new information for the same charges after a nolle prosequi, a capias for the defendant's arrest should be issued if the defendant is no longer in cu…

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Key Quotes

“The state having entered a nolle prosequi in the original case (information no. 72-8364) on March 28, 1973, the defendant-relator thereby was released from both custody and prosecution under the original information. In other words, he was free immediately.”

Establishes that nolle prosequi completely released the defendant from the original charge and recognizance, making him a free person no longer bound by the original conditions.

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Facts & Procedural History

Barber was arrested November 11, 1972 for heroin possession and sale, released on his own recognizance, and obtained several continuances. On March 28…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

This cause comes to us by way of suggestion for writ of prohibition. The facts are as follows:

On November 11, 1972 the relator, Albert Lee Barber, was arrested and on December 7, 1972 was informed against (information no. 72-8364) for possession and sale of heroin. Subsequently, Barber was released on his own recognizance. At the request of the relator, the court granted several continuances. On March 28, 1973, the trial judge denied the state’s motion for continuance, whereupon the state entered a nolle prosequi. Thereafter, a new information (no. 73-2405) based upon the identical charges was filed on March 29, 1973. However, at the time of the filing thereof, the prosecuting attorney directed the clerk that no capias be issued for the arrest of the relator pursuant to RCrP 3.-130 (k), 33 F.S.A. On April 5, 1973 a notice to appear in court on April 16, 1973 was mailed to the relator at the address (2025 N.W. 6th Place) which he had given at the time of his initial arrest. Relator alleges he never received the notice and upon his failure to appear before the court on April 16, 1973 an alias capias was issued pursuant to which relator was arrested on January 1, 1974. Subsequent thereto, on February 19, 1974 the relator filed a motion to dismiss and discharge pursuant to RCrP 3.191. A hearing was held thereon, at the conclusion of which the trial judge denied the motion whereupon the relator filed the instant suggestion for writ of prohibition.

In opposition thereto, the respondent contends that a defendant who has been released from custody on his own recognizance as in the case sub judice is not available for trial if he removes himself from the address given in his recognizance and does not advise the court where he can be reached for process. We cannot agree.

The state having entered a nolle prosequi in the original case (information no. 72-8364) on March 28, 1973, the defendant-relator thereby was released from both custody and prosecution under the original information. In other words, he was free immediately. Cf. State v. Sokol, Fla.App.1968, 208 So. 2d 156 at 157. See also 21 Am.Jur.2d Criminal Law § 513 (1965).

Upon the filing of the second information (no. 73-2405), the prosecuting attorney should have directed that a capias for the arrest of the relator be issued pursuant to RCrP 3.130(k) as at that time his position was no longer that of an accused released on his own recognizance. Thus, we agree with the relator that he was continuously available for trial for a period of 357 days from February 27, 1973, the date of his last continuance, until February 19, 1974, the date upon which relator’s original motion to discharge was filed.

Both the U.S. and Florida Constitutions guarantee to the accused the right to be brought to trial within a reasonable time and RCrP 3.191 was promulgated to make that right effective. See 9 Fla.Jur. Criminal Laws § 379 et seq. (1972). Under the facts of the instant case, we conclude that more than a reasonable time has elapsed without the relator being brought to trial and thus, he has been denied his constitutional right to a speedy trial.

Accordingly, for the reasons stated here-inabove, we hold the trial judge erred in denying the motion for discharge; that the same should be granted and the relator discharged, and the respondent is prohibited from further exercising any jurisdiction on information no. 73-2405.

Prohibition granted.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Datema v. The Honorable Frederick N. Barad, 372 So. 2d 193 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
    …cution, upon refiling the second information (the State), should have issued a capias for his arrest. Under these circumstances, Datema’s nonappearance is no evidence of non-availability for speedy trial purposes. See: State ex rel. Barber v. Satin, 296 So. 2d 636 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974); State ex rel. Smith v. Nesbitt, 355 So. 2d 202 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978). Thereupon, the defendant filed a suggestion for writ of prohibition in this court and, finding that same presented a prima facie case, a rule nisi in prohibition…
  • State v. Gross, 874 So. 2d 1292 (Fla. 4th DCA 2004)
    …9)(stating that nonappearance does not constitute evidence of non-availability for trial where defendant who is not in custody or on bail fails to appear pursuant to written notice rather than service of capias)(citing State ex rel. Barber v. Satin, 296 So. 2d 636 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974), and State ex rel. Smith v. Nesbitt, 355 So. 2d 202 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978)). STONE, STEVENSON and HAZOURI, JJ., concur.…
  • …e defendant is not in custody or on bail or personal recognizance before the court in which he fails to appear pursuant to written notice. Such non-appearance does not constitute evidence of non-availability for trial. State ex rel. Barber v. Satin, 296 So. 2d 636 (Fla. 3d DCA 1974). In the instant case, there is no dispute that more than 180 days have elapsed between the date of the relator’s arrest herein and the date the relator filed his motion for discharge in the trial court. The defendant has not been…

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