DENNIS E. CRAIN, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Appellant was arrested on June 3, 1973 for driving under the influence, then charged with misdemeanor marijuana possession on July 9, 1973. After the state filed a nolle prosequi and later charged him with felony marijuana possession on November 27, 1973, he was not brought to trial within 180 days of his initial arrest. The court reversed, holding that the speedy trial clock runs from the initial arrest related to the criminal episode, not from a subsequent charging date.
The court held that the speedy trial clock runs from the initial arrest on June 3, 1973, the date appellant was taken into custody as a result of the conduct or criminal episode giving rise to the felony charge, not from a subsequent charging or arrest date. The court further held that the state's inability to determine the contraband's nature through laboratory tests does not constitute an exigent circumstance that would toll the speedy trial rule, and the trial deadline was violated.
[1] A nolle prosequi filed on a misdemeanor charge does not toll the speedy trial time for a subsequent felony charge arising from the same criminal episode.
[2] The speedy trial period begins to run from the date of the initial arrest when the subsequent charge arises from the same conduct or criminal episode as the initial arres…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“the state cannot take solace in State ex rel. Lee v. Rose... We held that the speedy trial time on the ensuing charge of manslaughter began to run from the time the defendant was taken into custody on the new charge; and this for the reason that the crime of manslaughter had not even been completed at the time of the initial arrest. Not so here.”
Distinguishes the controlling precedent and establishes that the initial arrest for DWI is the relevant date for computing the speedy trial deadline when the same criminal episode is involved.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant was arrested at the scene of an accident on June 3, 1973 for driving while under the influence of a prohibited drug. During the accident inv…
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McNULTY, Chief Judge.
Appellant appeals from a judgment and sentence entered on his plea of nolo con-tendere to a charge of felony possession of marijuana. The nolo contendere plea was entered with the reservation of the right to appeal from a denial of a motion to discharge under the speedy trial rule. We reverse.
Appellant was arrested at the scene of an accident on June 3, 1973 and charged with driving while under the influence of a prohibited drug as proscribed by § 316.028, F.S.1972. The nature of the drug alleged ly influencing appellant was not known at the time of the arrest. However, during the course of the accident investigation a search of appellant’s vehicle turned up suspected marijuana and other potential contraband, none of which was confirmed by laboratory tests until some time later. Accordingly, at the time of the initial arrest he was not charged with possession of any contraband.
On July 9, 1973, however, he was charged by information with misdemeanor possession of marijuana, i. e., possession of less than five grams, and was arrested on this charge on August 21. In early October 1973, a motion for discharge under the speedy trial rule was filed and argument was held on October 24. Pending decision on this motion the state filed a nolle prose-qui. Thereafter, on November 27, 1973, a new information was filed charging felony marijuana possession. There is no dispute but that the marijuana involved in the latter charge was the same marijuana referred to in the prior charge and that it was the same marijuana found at the scene of the accident back in June. Appellant filed another motion to dismiss under the speedy trial rule which was denied on January 11, 1974, 206 days after the initial arrest. This appeal ensued.
At the outset we determine that the state was not precluded from filing a nolle prosequi of the misdemeanor charge, even though it may well have been that prosecution thereon was barred by the ninety-day provision of Rule 3.191(a)(1) RCrP. While the nolle prosequi will not operate to toll the times provided for in said rule,1 nevertheless appellant ought be in no better position because a misdemeanor charge was indeed filed than he would have been had one not been filed insofar as the time within which he must be brought to trial on the felony charge is concerned; and that time is 180 days from being taken into custody “as a result of the conduct or criminal episode giving rise to the crime charged.”
So, the precise question before us is whether appellant should have been brought to trial within 180 days as computed from June 3, the date of the initial arrest, or from August 21, the date he was re-arrested upon the filing of the information charging misdemeanor possession. We reject as untenable the state’s contention that the initial arrest for driving while under the influence of a prohibited drug was not the taking into custody for the “conduct or criminal episode” giving rise, to the instant charge. On the point, the state cannot take solace in State ex rel. Lee v. Rose,3 a case in which the accused was initally arrested at the scene of an accident for D.W.I. and, approximately a month later, the victim of the accident died. We held that the speedy trial time on the ensuing charge of manslaughter began to run from the time the defendant was taken into custody on the new charge; and this for the reason that the crime of manslaughter had not even been completed at the time of the initial arrest.
Not so here. We think this case falls squarely within the principles of Allen v. State.4 There, Allen was arrested and charged with rape. The Grand Jury did not convene until but 26 days remained of the 180 days as computed from the date of the arrest. Nevertheless, the court held that the fact that the regular Grand Jury did not meet sooner was not an exigent circumstance which would toll the running of thé rule pursuant to paragraph (f) of Rule 3.191, supra. Here, the state argues that it was unable to determine the nature of the contraband until subsequent laboratory tests confirmed it shortly before the July 9th information was filed. Such fact is no more an exigent circumstance in this case than was the failure of the Grand Jury timely to convene in Allen, supra. Moreover, considerably more time was available after July 9th within which to try appellant here than was available in the 26-day hiatus in Allen, supra.
In view whereof, the judgment and sentence should be, and they are hereby, reversed; and the cause is remanded for the entry of an appropriate order to release .and discharge appellant pursuant to the provisions of Rule 3.191(a) (1), RCrP. HOBSON, J., concurs.
BOARDMAN, J., concurs specially with opinion.
. See, Rule 3.191(h)(2), RCrP. . Rule 3.191(a)(1), RCrP. . (Fla.App.2d, 1973), 277 So. 2d 66.
. (Fla.1973), 275 So. 2d 238.
BOARDMAN, Judge
(concurring specially) .
I reach the same result as that expressed in the majority opinion. My reason therefor is predicated upon the fact that I believe in view of the pleadings and factual circumstances presented in this case, i. e. that the felony charge was filed after the 90-day period had expired, that the. appellant should be discharged under Rule 3.-191(h) (2), RCrP.
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State v. Woodruff, 676 So. 2d 975 (Fla. 1996)…case because in Reed the information charging the defendant with felonies was not filed until after the speedy trial period had run. In the present case, the State filed the information before the felony speedy trial period ran. See Crain v. State, 302 So. 2d 433, 434 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974) (explaining that the speedy trial rule does not bar prosecution of greater degree crimes because defendants charged with misdemeanors “ought be in no better position ... than [they] would have been had [the misdemeanors] not…
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Postal Colony Co., Inc. v. Reubin O'D. Askew, 348 So. 2d 338 (Fla. 1st DCA 1977)…fy extraordinary suspensions or extensions of the statutory schedule. That principle binds the state in its most fundamental functions, such as the prosecution of crime. State ex rel. Boren v. Sepe, 256 So. 2d 259 (Fla. 3d DCA 1972); Crain v. State, 302 So. 2d 433 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974). That principle is recognized in the administrative law of other sovereigns. Shell Oil Co. v. FEA, 527 F. 2d 1243, 1248 (Em.App.1975); Consumers Union of U.S., [*343] Inc. v. Sawhill, 393 F.Supp. 639, 640 (D.D.C. 1975), aff’d 523…
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State v. Roxie Lynn Hanna, 858 So. 2d 1248 (Fla. 5th DCA 2003)…voked license), State v. Kelly, 407 So. 2d 257 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981) (trafficking in two different pistols as part of same transaction), Robinson v. Lasher, 368 So. 2d 83 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979) (reckless driving resulting in manslaughter), Crain v. State, 302 So. 2d 433 (Fla. 2d DCA 1974) (driving under the influence of a prohibited drug; possession of prohibited drug found in car). Here, the distribution of obscenity charges clearly arose from separate episodes than that for which Appellee was arrested on August…
Previewing 3 of 15 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Hayden v. Cipolato, 275 So. 2d 238 (Fla. 1973)
- State of Fla. ex rel. Oscar Nolan LEE v. The Honorable William Lamar Rose, 277 So. 2d 66 (Fla. 2d DCA 1973)