MAXINE JONES GRIMSLEY, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Maxine Jones Grimsley appeals her grand larceny conviction, challenging the trial court's denial of her right to closing argument. The appellate court affirmed the conviction, holding that the defendant forfeited her right to closing argument by introducing evidence during cross-examination rather than reserving it for her own case-in-chief.
The court held that by introducing the diagram evidence during cross-examination instead of during the defendant's case presentation, the defense forfeited the statutory right to make closing argument. Rule 3.250 F.R.Cr.P. provides the right to concluding argument only to defendants offering no testimony except their own, and this advantage is lost if evidence is introduced by the defendant outside of their case-in-chief.
[1] A claim of prejudicial remarks by a prosecutor during closing argument cannot be raised for the first time on appeal if no objection was made at trial and the issue was n…
[2] A defendant forfeits the right to make the opening and closing arguments to the jury if the defendant offers evidence, even during the cross-examination of a state witnes…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a defendant offering no testimony in his own behalf, except his own, shall be entitled to the concluding argument before the jury.”
The statutory rule granting defendants the right to closing argument conditioned on offering no testimony except their own
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant Grimsley was tried by jury for grand larceny. During cross-examination of a state witness, defense counsel requested that the witness draw a…
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McCORD, Judge.
Appellant was tried by jury and found guilty of grand larceny. This appeal is from her judgment and sentence.
Appellant raises two points on this appeal. First, she contends that certain remarks of the assistant state attorney, in his closing argument to the jury, were prejudicial to her. It appears, however, that this question has been raised for the first .time on appeal. No objection to the remarks was made at the trial and appellant did not raise this point as an issue in her motion for new trial. The question cannot now be raised for the first time on appeal. Smith v. State, Fla.App.3rd, 243 So. 2d 602; Weeks v. State, Fla.App.2d, 241 So. 2d 203; and State v. Jones, Fla. 204 So. 2d 515.
Appellant next contends that the trial court erred in denying her the right to make the opening and closing final arguments to the jury.
Rule 3.250, F.R.Cr.P. (formerly § 918.09, Florida Statutes) provides that “a defendant offering no testimony in his own behalf, except his own, shall be entitled to the concluding argument before the jury.” In the trial, at the conclusion of the state’s case in chief, it rested and defendant then rested without putting on any testimony. During the presentation of the state’s case, however, defense counsel, in his cross examination of one of the state’s witnesses asked her to draw a diagram of the second floor of the building where she had testified the larceny occurred. The state objected and the court overruled the objection but asked defense counsel if in the interest of time this was a necessary portion of his case. Defense counsel replied, “Yes, sir; and based on her own testimony- — if she could show the jury the second floor, and the desk, and the places that she’s referred to, so the jury would have the picture of where the defendant was, and the other saleslady, and the other people were there.
The jury would better understand the situation.” The witness then drew the diagram and it was offered in evidence by defense counsel. The state made no objection and it was admitted out of proper order by the court as defendant’s exhibit no.
1.
The trial court ruled that by defendant’s introduction of this evidence, he lost his right to make the opening and closing arguments.
We agree. In Barkley v. State, 152 Fla. 147, 10 So. 2d 922, the Florida Supreme Court said:
“During the cross examination of a witness for the State counsel for the defendant asked him to identify a sketch of the premises and then, when redirect examination was concluded, requested that 'this map [be] marked for identification.’ After the testimony of the defendant had been terminated and at the close of the rebuttal by the State the defendant sought to make the map a part of the evidence in the case by requesting that the ‘Court * * * let the Jury have the benefit of that map as the Court’s evidence.’ The attorney for the State objected but stated that 'if counsel wants to introduce it in evidence, it is perfectly agreeable to the State to have it go to the Jury, but not as the Court’s evidence.’ Final reference to this incident in the record is: ‘The Court: Motion denied. He can introduce it as the defendant’s evidence.’ Whether the defendant then decided to present the evidence in his own behalf is not shown, but presumably he did not because defendant’s attorney was the last speaker. This procedure does not disclose any abuse of discretion on the part of the court. The offer should have been made during the presentation of defendant’s testimony and that opportunity having passed he should not have been allowed the benefit of the map ‘as the Court’s evidence.’ The reason is patent. The defendant offered no testimony save his own, thus assuring his counsel of the closing address to the jury.
Section 214, Criminal Procedure Act, Acts 1939, c. 19554, section 918.09, Florida Statutes, 1941. Under the ruling in Crosby v. State, 90 Fla. 381, 106 So. 741, he would have lost his advantage had the sketch been introduced by him. The court was correct in not allowing the defendant the benefit of the evidence and at the same time saving to him the advantage of the final argument to the jury.”
We call particular attention also to Crosby v. State, cited in the above quotation.
Affirmed.
JOHNSON, J., and MASON, ERNEST E., Associate Judge, concur.
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Citator
Cited By
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Lyttle v. State, 320 So. 2d 424 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975)…o evidence as a defense exhibit. The State contends that the defense, by introducing into evidence the note, lost the right to closing argument. They rely on Crosby v. State, 1925, 90 Fla. 381, 106 So. 741, and Grimsley v. State, Fla.App. 1st 1974, 304 So. 2d 493. In both Crosby and Grimsley the evidence introduced was first brought out in the State’s case by the defense counsel on cross-examination and then introduced by the defense in the State’s case. Under these facts in both Crosby and Grimsley it was h…
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Gari v. State, 364 So. 2d 766 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978)…h transcription of the same statement. Under these circumstances, the appellant’s introduction of this exhibit could not deprive him of his important right to make the concluding argument. The cases of Crosby v. State, supra, and Grimsley v. State, 304 So. 2d 493 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974), relied upon by the state are distinguishable. In Crosby, the written receipt in question was first read to the jury while a state’s witness was being cross-examined. In Grimsley, the diagram later introduced into evidence had be…
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Hart v. State, 526 So. 2d 124 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988)…nd secure an exclusionary ruling from the court. Therefore, we are forced to the conclusion that the trial court erred in denying the defendant Beard the right to the concluding argument before the jury. 104 So. 2d at 682-83; cf. Grimsley v. State, 304 So. 2d 493 (Fla. 1st DCA 1974) (defendant waived right to “sandwich” closing argument where diagram drawn by witness on cross-examination offered into evidence by defense counsel). As indicated previously, Hart did not testify, nor did he present any other wi…
Previewing 3 of 6 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- State v. Jones, 204 So. 2d 515 (Fla. 1967)
- Crosby v. State, 90 Fla. 381 (Fla. 1925)
- Barkley v. State, 152 Fla. 147 (Fla. 1942)
- City OF Coral Gables v. State ex rel. Gibbs, 152 Fla. 100 (Fla. 1942)
- Hollis Smith and Edmond J. Duhart v. State, 243 So. 2d 602 (Fla. 3d DCA 1971)
- Benny M. Weeks v. State, 241 So. 2d 203 (Fla. 2d DCA 1970)