MR. AND MRS. ERVIN WETZEL ET AL., APPELLANTS,
v.
A. DUDA & SONS ET AL., APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1975-01-10
No. 73-1224
OWEN, C. J., and CROSS, J., concur.
306 So. 2d 533 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1975) Positive Treatment
Cited by 9 cases

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Synopsis

Riparian property owners sued a farming operation for pollution of Lake Apopka, seeking both injunctive relief and damages. The trial court dismissed the injunctive counts because it believed the Environmental Protection Act's administrative remedies were required, but the appellate court reversed, holding that common law nuisance claims do not require exhaustion of administrative remedies under the Act.


Holding

The court held that common law nuisance, breach of duty, and continuing trespass claims do not require exhaustion of administrative remedies under the Environmental Protection Act because such causes of action predate the Act and do not depend upon it. The court also held that the statute of limitations is an affirmative defense that need not be affirmatively pleaded by the plaintiff.


Headnotes

[1] A cause of action for nuisance, continuing trespass, or breach of duty predates statutory environmental protection acts and is not dependent upon them.

[2] A plaintiff is not required to exhaust administrative remedies when seeking to abate a nuisance, continuing trespass, or continuing breach of duty that directly affects t…

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Key Quotes

“It appears to us that the cause of action stated in said counts for injunction is not dependent upon the Environmental Protection Act. The right to abate a nuisance, a continuing trespass, and a continuing breach of duty predated the Act, which is legislation of recent vintage”

Establishes that common law remedies exist independently of the Environmental Protection Act and were not superseded by it.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellants owned riparian property on Lake Apopka. Appellees operated a farming operation nearby and allegedly discharged noxious chemicals and other …

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Opinion of the Court
DOWNEY, Judge.

DOWNEY, Judge.

Appellants, as riparian property owners on Lake Apopka, sued appellees in an eight count complaint. The first four counts prayed for injunctive relief; the remaining four sought damages. The causes of action arose out of appellees’ alleged pollution of said lake by discharging noxious chemicals and other substances into the lake from appellees’ nearby farming operation.

The trial court dismissed the four injunctive counts without, leave to amend, on the grounds that primary jurisdiction for abatement of the alleged pollution is lodged with the Florida Air, Water, and Pollution Control Commission and that appellants had failed to exhaust their administrative remedy provided in § 403.-412(2)(a), (c), F.S.1973, known as the Environmental Protection Act. The court dismissed the damages counts with leave to amend “to re-allege those counts to come within the three year statute of limita tions”. The propriety of said bifurcated order dismissing the complaint is the subject of this review. This is a final appeal-able order. Mendez v. West Flagler Family Association, Fla.1974, 303 So. 2d 1.

Count I of the complaint charges appel-lees with creating a nuisance by discharging noxious substances into the lake, thus injuring appellants’ riparian rights. Count II charges that appellees had a duty to appellants to conduct their farming operation in such a manner as not to injure appellants, but that they breached said duty and continue to do so unabated. Count III charges appellees with a continuing trespass by polluting the lake. Count IV charges that appellees have committed all of said acts willfully and maliciously without regard for appellants’ rights and that they continue to do so.

It appears to us that the cause of action stated in said counts for injunction is not dependent upon the Environmental Protection Act. The right to abate a nuisance, a continuing trespass, and a continuing breach of duty predated the Act, which is legislation of recent vintage that authorizes any citizen of the state to seek injunctive relief against any person to enjoin the violation of any laws, rules or regulations for the protection of the air, water, and other natural resources of the state. It also provides for the allowance of attorney’s fees and costs to the party prevailing in any action instituted pursuant to the act.

However, before such an action can be maintained the complaining party must, as a condition precedent, first file a complaint with the appropriate administrative agency and afford it an opportunity to take action thereon.

Thus, if appellants were suing to enjoin the violation of some specific rule or regulation of the Department of Pollution Control they would be required to exhaust their administrative remedies as required by § 403.412(2) (c), F.S.1973.

However appellants are not asserting a claim under the act; therefore they are not bound by its terms. Appellants are here seeking to maintain an action for a nuisance directly affecting them.

Accordingly, we hold that the trial judge erred in dismissing the first four counts of the complaint for the reasons stated. The dismissal of counts V through VIII with the requirement that appellants “re-allege those counts to come within the three year statute of limitations” was also error. The statute of limitations is an affirmative defense which a defendant may plead or waive. There is no requirement in the rules of civil procedure that a plaintiff must affirmatively plead that he is not barred by the statute of limitations.

For the foregoing reasons, the order appealed from is reversed and the cause is remanded with directions to reinstate the Third Amended Complaint and for further proceedings consistent herewith.

OWEN, C. J., and CROSS, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • …ys in which to act on the complaint. Only after meeting these requirements and giving the agency the opportunity to act may a complainant file suit in a court of law. Florida Wildlife Federation, 390 So. 2d at 66. See also Wetzel v. A. Duda & Sons, 306 So. 2d 533 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975); Furnans v. Santa Rosa Island Authority, 315 So. 2d 481 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975). In this case, which is one of first impression, Friends seek to invoke section 403.-412(2) to compel the Department to carry out its enforcement duties…
  • Airport Sign Corp. v. Dade Cnty. & Richard Judy, 400 So. 2d 828 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981)
    …, e. g., Welsh v. Metropolitan Dade County, 366 So. 2d 518 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979). There is no requirement that Sign Corporation as owner of the property affirmatively plead that it was not barred by the statute of limitations. Wetzel v. A. Duda & Sons, 306 So. 2d 533 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975), cert. denied, 316 So. 2d 289 (Fla.1975). In ruling on a motion to dismiss, the trial court must confine itself strictly to the allegations within the four corners of the complaint. Pizzi v. Central Bank and Trust Company, 250 S…
  • The Town OF Surfside v. Cnty. Line Land Co., 340 So. 2d 1287 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977)
    …fallacy in this argument is that appellee is not suing to enjoin the violation of Rule 17.7 of the Department of Pollution Control, but rather instituted this action based upon its common law right to abate a nuisance. See Wetzel v. A. Duda & Sons, 306 So. 2d 533 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975). We also considered appellant Surfside’s final point that Rule 17.7 grants it until July 1,1977 to comply with its regulations and find no reversible error has been made to appear therein. See State ex rel. Shevin v. Tampa [*1290…

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