THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
ULYSSES ENGLISH, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1975-01-28
No. 74-618
Before PEARSON, HAVERFIELD and NATHAN, JJ.
308 So. 2d 636 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1975) Caution
Cited by 8 cases

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Synopsis

The State appeals a suppression order in a heroin distribution case. The court holds that police did not violate Florida's knock-and-announce statute when they forcibly entered a residence without announcement, as the exigent circumstances exception applied when officers heard sounds of evidence destruction.


Holding

The police did not violate the knock-and-announce statute because the forced entry falls within the established exception allowing unannounced entry when officers reasonably believe persons inside are engaged in evidence destruction. The evidence should not be suppressed.


Headnotes

[1] A warrantless entry into a private residence is permissible under the "knock and announce" statute when officers have probable cause to believe that evidence is being des…

[2] The destruction of evidence exception to the "knock and announce" statute applies when officers hear sounds indicative of evidence destruction, such as flushing toilets.

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Key Quotes

“even if probable cause exists for the arrest of a person, § 901.19(1), Florida Statutes, F.S.A. (the knock and announce statute) is violated by an unannounced intrusion in the form of a breaking and entering any building, including a private residence, subject to the following exceptions”

Establishes the general rule and exceptions to the knock-and-announce requirement from Benefield v. State

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Facts & Procedural History

Police obtained a valid search warrant for one location based on reliable informant information about a planned heroin distribution. After finding min…

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Opinion of the Court
HAVERFIELD, Judge.

HAVERFIELD, Judge.

The State appeals an order suppressing evidence seized as a result of a warrantless search of appellee’s residence.

From information received from a reliable confidential informant together with information from an independent police investigation, detectives from the Public Safety Department concluded that a large quantity of heroin was to be distributed on the night of February 9, 1974 from one large group into several locations. A valid search warrant for the premises at 1782 Northwest 19th Street was obtained and executed at 12:30 A.M. on February 10, 1974.

However, only one glassine packet of suspected heroin was found on the premises. Shortly thereafter, the same reliable confidential informant met with police detectives and informed them that the group knew their location had been penetrated and that a mass move of heroin would be made within the hour. The informant then led the police to a duplex at 300-302 Northwest 82nd Terrace, a search of which (consented to by the occupant) turned up over 18,000 packets of heroin. During the search, detectives again contacted the informant who again alerted them to the fact that somebody at 1250 Northwest 66th Street also was holding a quantity of heroin which would be removed within an hour as word had been received of the earlier seizure at the 82nd Terrace location. The police detectives immediately proceeded to this location, and upon arrival they knocked on the front and back doors. Nobody answered, but sounds upstairs of feet running and commode flushings were heard. Thereupon, the police broke in the front door, ran up the stairs, and apprehended the defendant-ap-pellee standing at the commode which contained 19 to 25 packets of suspected heroin.

In Benefield v. State, Fla.1964, 160 So. 2d 706, the Florida Supreme Court concluded that even if probable cause exists for the arrest of a person, § 901.19(1), Florida Statutes, F.S.A. (the knock and announce statute) is violated by an unannounced intrusion in the form of a breaking and entering any building, including a private residence, subject to the following exceptions: (1) where the person within already knows of the officer’s authority and purpose; (2) where the officers are justified in the belief that the persons within are in imminent peril of bodily harm; (3) if the officer’s peril would have been increased had he demanded entrance and stated the purpose; or (4) where those within made aware of the presence of someone outside are then engaged in activities which justify the officers in the belief that an escape or destruction of evidence is being attempted. See also Earman v. State, Fla. 1972, 265 So. 2d 695; Moreno v. State, Fla.App.1973, 277 So. 2d 81.

We find that pursuant to § 901.-15, Fla.Stat., F.S.A., probable cause existed for the arrest of the defendant-appellee. Further, we believe that under the facts of the case sub judice, the breaking and entry of the private dwelling comes within exception “four” hereinabove. It is common knowledge that drugs packaged in small packets very easily may be flushed down toilets and drains and, in fact, such methods for the destruction of drugs frequently are resorted to. Where, as here, the evidence sought consisted of packets of heroin and where the sounds of running feet and running toilet water were very audible, it was very plausible for the police detectives to conclude under the circumstances that the toilet facilities simply were not being utilized for their normally intended purpose, but instead were being used to destroy the evidence, and thereupon break and enter the dwelling without announcement. Cf. State v. Kelly, Fla.1973, 287 So. 2d 13; Whisnant v. State, Fla.App.1974, 303 So. 2d 397.

Defendant-appellee had no constitutional right to destroy or dispose of the evidence, and no basic constitutional guarantees were violated because the police detectives succeeded in arriving at the premises more rapidly than they would have, had they complied with the statute. See State v. Clarke, Fla.App.1970, 242 So. 2d 791.

Accordingly, the order suppressing the evidence hereby is reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings consistent herewith.

Dissent
PEARSON, Judge

PEARSON, Judge

(dissenting).

The State appeals an order suppressing evidence seized at a warrantless search of appellee’s residence made during the night. I would not fault the trial judge in his finding that a warrantless search of a residence is unreasonable whenever it is predicated only upon a tip from a confidential informant and suspicious noises. See Fla. Stat. § 933.18 and see Wolff v. State, Fla.App.1974, 291 So. 2d 15, and the cases cited therein. I would affirm.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • State v. Cantrell, 426 So. 2d 1035 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983)
    …stify a warrantless entry. United States v. Turner, 650 F. 2d 526 (4th Cir.1981); United States v. Gomez, 633 F. 2d 999 (2d Cir.1980); United States v. Acevedo, 627 F. 2d 68 (7th Cir.1980); State v. Kelly, 287 So. 2d 13 (Fla.1973); State v. English, 308 So. 2d 636 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975). The state’s argument before the trial judge and here has focused on the question of danger to the detective and confidential informant inside the defendant’s apartment, and danger to the arresting officers which might have ensue…
  • Roundtree v. State, 544 So. 2d 1101 (Fla. 1st DCA 1989)
    …guishable from the case at bar. For examples, Jones v. State, 440 So. 2d 570 (Fla.1983), involved an officer’s reasonable belief of increased peril due to his knowledge that one person had already been wounded by a sniper’s bullet; State v. English, 308 So. 2d 636 (Fla. 3d DCA), cert. denied, 316 So. 2d 287 (Fla.1975), involved probable cause to believe that the defendant possessed heroin and was in the process of destroying it; and State v. Bell, 249 So. 2d 748 (Fla. 4th DCA 1971), involved an officer’s reas…
  • Ulysses English v. State, 316 So. 2d 287 (Fla. 1975)
    …Certiorari denied. 308 So. 2d 636. ADKINS, C. J., and ROBERTS, BOYD, OVERTON and ENGLAND, JJ., concur.…

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