YVONNE SMITH, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Yvonne Smith appealed her jury conviction for sale of heroin, challenging the trial court's denial of her motions for judgment of acquittal and her entrapment defense jury instruction. The appellate court affirmed the conviction, holding that the evidence sufficiently supported the jury's finding that Smith had the predisposition to commit the offenses and that entrapment was properly a jury question.
The trial court correctly denied the motions for judgment of acquittal because the evidence established that Smith had the predisposition to commit the charged offenses and was a principal in procuring and delivering the narcotics. The court properly modified the entrapment jury instruction because the government agent did not supply the contraband and the instruction adequately conveyed the legal standard. The court properly refused to allow the roommate's testimony because it would have been cumulative and added little to the entrapment defense.
[1] A motion for judgment of acquittal made at the conclusion of the state's case must be resolved in favor of the state, considering all facts presented and reasonable infer…
[2] A defendant's predisposition to commit an offense, demonstrated by their actions in procuring and delivering narcotics, is relevant to the defense of entrapment.
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Establishes the legal standard for evaluating motions for judgment of acquittal after the state's case, requiring all factual inferences to favor the prosecution.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceRoosevelt Saffore, a government informant and family friend, repeatedly asked Smith to help him purchase heroin. On three occasions (August 15 and 24,…
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BOARDMAN, Judge.
This is a timely appeal from a conviction after trial by jury for sale of heroin in violation of the Florida Comprehensive Drug Abuse Law. The trial court sentenced appellant to serve three years in the state penitentiary allowing credit for time served in jail awaiting trial. The jury recommended leniency.
The facts are that one Roosevelt Saf-fore, an informant for the Florida Department of Law Enforcement, was a close friend of appellant’s family. In late July or early August, 1973, Saffore took appellant to St. Petersburg where he observed her make a purchase of narcotics. On several occasions after this incident, Saffore requested appellant to take him where he could buy some “stuff” for his “old lady.” On August 15, 1973, Saffore, accompanied by appellant, drove to The Tree, a St. Pe-tersburg bar. Saffore supplied $50 for the purchase of five packets of heroin from a man (there is a dispute on whether Saf-fore or appellant gave the money to the man). Appellant gave all the packets to Saffore. It appears the seller gave appellant an additional packet. On August 24, a second uncontrolled buy was made, under similar circumstances to the August 15 incident. On this occasion appellant gave the money to the seller and Saffore gave her one packet for her habit. On September 7, 1973, a controlled buy was made (again, there is conflict in the testimony on which one of them gave the pusher the money). As on the prior buy, Saffore gave appellant one of the five packets. We are aware that it was several months later, in February, 1974, that appellant was arrested and charged in three separate in-formations with the sale of heroin on August 15, 24, and September 7, 1973.
The appellant took the witness stand and testified on her own behalf. On direct examination she admitted that she had been a drug addict in 1973. On cross-examination by the prosecutor, it was elicited that at the time she would do most anything for a hit or play, and that the buys involved herein could not have been made without her. In addition, there seems to be no doubt that appellant knew that on the occasion of each buy she would receive a portion of the narcotics purchased. There is no doubt that it was appellant, and not Saffore, who knew the identities of the three pushers and that she made the necessary arrangements for all of the buys.
The appellant contends that the trial court erred in not granting her motion for judgment of acquittal made at the conclusion of the state’s case in chief and again at the conclusion of all the evidence. Appellant’s motion for new trial was denied also. The points raised on appeal are identical to the grounds alleged in the said motion. The above rulings made by the trial court are correct. We affirm. Nevertheless, each point merits discussion which follows.
Point one assails the ruling of the trial court in failing to grant appellant’s motion for judgment of acquittal made at the conclusion of the state’s case. As we said, it was correct. It is well settled that at this juncture of the case all the facts presented and the reasonable inferences to be drawn from those facts are to be resolved in behalf of the state. See Lett v. State, Fla.App.2d, 1965, 174 So. 2d 568; Byrd v. State, Fla. 1974, 297 So. 2d 22, and Dancy v. State, Fla.App.3d, 1973, 284 So. 2d 452. The evidence adduced in the state’s case discloses that the appellant had the predisposition to commit the offenses with which she was charged. Her activities, as mentioned above, showed that she was a principal in procuring and delivering the narcotics. See the recent case decided by the Florida Supreme Court of State v. Dent, Fla.1975, 322 So. 2d 543, and Section 776.011, Florida Statutes, 1973.1 Further, the issue of entrapment is a jury question, unless it is determined that the evidence is so clear and convincing that as a matter of law entrapment has been conclusively established. See State v. Rouse, Fla.App. 4th, 1970, 239 So. 2d 79, and State v. Liptak, Fla.1973, 277 So. 2d 19. After reviewing all the evidence presented in the case, we feel that this issue should have been and was properly a jury question.
Appellant’s second point attacks the trial court’s failure to give her requested jury instruction on entrapment in its entirety. The requested instruction was:
Generally, the defense of entrapment is available to those who are instigated, induced or lured by officers or others to commit a crime which they otherwise had no intention to commit, but not to those with requisite criminal intent, who are merely furnished with the opportunity to commit crime by officers or others acting in good faith for the purpose of detecting and preventing such crime and the decency, good faith, fairness and fus- tice of the State’s conduct must be considered and if you find the State supplies the contraband the receipt of which is illegal, the State cannot be permitted to punish the one receiving it. It is within your province to judge from the evidence whether there was an entrapment by the State either by inducement or governmental misconduct or whether the requisite criminal intent existed at the time and the officer merely carried out the transaction.
The instruction given by the trial court omitted the above italicized language from the requested instruction and substituted in its place the following:
. The law of entrapment is clear, it is available as a defense when an agent of law enforcement actually implants a criminal design in the mind of the defendant to commit a crime. However, where a person has a willingness and readiness to break the law, the mere fact that an agent of law enforcement provides what appears to be the favorable opportunity, is not entrapment. . . .
The trial judge was correct in altering the requested instruction for two reasons. First, the good faith of the government’s agent was included in the instruction and; second, the evidence shows that the contraband on each occasion, as previously mentioned, was supplied by the seller and was not supplied by the government’s agent, Saffore.
Appellant urges that Rouse, supra, is authority for support of her position that she is entitled to the entire requested instruction. We disagree. As we read the cited case it requires the jury to consider, in determining the availability of the defense of entrapment, the good faith of the government’s agent, as well as the predisposition of the defendant — a two-pronged standard. The failure of the trial court to include in the instruction given the words “decency,” “fairness” and “justice” does not, in our view, constitute reversible error. The jury was properly and fairly instructed on the law applicable to the defense of entrapment.
Appellant’s point three relates to the trial court’s refusal to allow appellant’s roommate to testify as a defense witness. Her proffered testimony was to the effect, as stated by her counsel:
MR. FARNELL: . . . Her testimony would corroborate testimony of the defendant that Roosevelt was around repeatedly, she would corroborate that it took place. I don’t think other than that she could offer any probative testimony.
The proffered testimony obviously would add little to the defense of entrapment. There is ample evidence in the record by other witnesses that Saffore was around repeatedly. Under these circumstances the trial court’s refusal to allow this witness to testify was discretionary and does not constitute reversible error. The appellant was entitled to a fair trial —she was accorded one. Appellant failed to demonstrate reversible error or misapplication of law by the trial court and, accordingly, the judgments and sentences appealed are
Affirmed.
GRIMES, J., concurs.
McNULTY, C. J., dissents with opinion.
. “Whoever commits any criminal offense against the state, whether felony or misdemeanor, or aids, abets, counsels, hires, or otherwise procures such offense to be committed, is a principal in the first degree . . . .” (Section 776.011, Florida Statutes, 1973).
McNULTY, C. J.,
dissents with opinion.
I dissent. While I would agree with the majority that the charge relating to entrapment, as given, sufficiently and substantially correctly states the law, I am of the view that the gross participation of the state’s undercover agent in the commission of the offenses herein was such that, as a matter of law, the requisite good faith efforts at detecting and preventing crime were negated. Indeed, when the agent gratuitously re-delivered to appellant, to satisfy her own addiction, one of the five illegally purchased packets of heroin on each of two occasions, I dare say he himself was guilty of two independent offenses of unlawful delivery of heroin having nothing to do with, and being outside the scope of, any right he may otherwise have had to engage in undercover illicit activities. At that point he was no longer providing an opportunity for appellant to vent her predisposition to commit the offense then committed; he was clearly taking advantage of her addiction by “keeping her on the hook” for the commission of any given number of future offenses of like nature. He could effect her arrest then, and as it so happened, anywhere along the line he chose.
His actions were fatally reprehensible; and the majesty and honor of the law ought not be ravished by such indecency and overreaching. The state should not be permitted knowingly to rely upon such actions to its advantage. I would reverse and order discharge of appellant.
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State v. Brider, 386 So. 2d 818 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980)…ese facts constituted entrapment as a matter of law. Ordinarily, entrapment is a jury question. State v. Liptak, 277 So. 2d 19 (Fla.1973). Nevertheless, the Florida courts have recognized that entrapment can exist as a matter of law. Smith v. State, 320 So. 2d 420 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975); Spencer v. State, 263 So. 2d 282 (Fla. 1st DCA 1972). Appellee’s argument for entrapment in the trial court and here is that the state supplied him with the very contraband which it charged him with illegally possessing. If he is…
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State v. Demetrios Sokos, 426 So. 2d 1044 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983)…e defendant’s ready acquiescence and his intent to distribute. Ordinarily, entrapment is a jury question. State v. Liptak, 277 So. 2d 19 (Fla.1973). Though Florida courts have recognized that entrapment can exist as a matter of law, Smith v. State, 320 So. 2d 420 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975), Spencer v. State, 263 So. 2d 282 (Fla. 1st DCA 1972), intent or state of mind (i.e. predisposition) is not an issue to be decided on a motion to dismiss under Rule 3.190(c)(4). State v. Evans, 394 So. 2d 1068 (Fla. 4th DCA 1981);…
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State v. Cruz, 426 So. 2d 1308 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983)…ommit a crime, but there is no showing that he was approached or encouraged by the police to do so. Thus, there is a question of fact as to whether Cruz was predisposed to commit the offense. Entrapment can exist as a matter of law, Smith v. State, 320 So. 2d 420 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975), cert. denied, 334 So. 2d 608 (Fla.1976), but where, as here, a defendant’s intent or state of mind (i.e., predisposition) is an issue, that issue should not be decided on a motion to dismiss under rule 3.190(c)(4). State v. Evans…
Previewing 3 of 8 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Byrd v. State, 297 So. 2d 22 (Fla. 1974)
- State v. Rouse, 239 So. 2d 79 (Fla. 4th DCA 1970)
- State v. Dent, 322 So. 2d 543 (Fla. 1975)
- State v. Liptak, 277 So. 2d 19 (Fla. 1973)
- Lett v. State, 174 So. 2d 568 (Fla. 2d DCA 1965)
- Denson v. State, 284 So. 2d 452 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973)