PATRICK LEIGH ANDRESS, PETITIONER,
v.
MELVIN C. COLEMAN, AS SHERIFF OF ORANGE COUNTY, FLORIDA, RESPONDENT

Fla. 4th DCA | 1975-07-03
No. 75-916
WALDEN, C. J., and DOWNEY, J., concur.
320 So. 2d 451 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1975) Negative Treatment
Cited by 16 cases

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Holding

The court held that a person charged with a crime is entitled to bail as a matter of right between a guilty verdict and the entry of adjudication of guilt.


Headnotes

[1] A person charged with a crime is entitled to release on bail until formally adjudged guilty by the trial court.

[2] The right to bail continues after a guilty verdict and before adjudication of guilt, unless the offense is capital or punishable by life imprisonment with evident proof o…

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Facts & Procedural History

Petitioner was found guilty of possession of marijuana but adjudication of guilt was withheld. He was taken into custody under Rule 3.550 R.Cr.P., whi…

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Opinion of the Court
OWEN, Judge.

OWEN, Judge.

By original petition for writ of habeas corpus we are called upon to resolve an apparent conflict between Rule 3.550 R.Cr. P. and Fla.Const. art. I, § 14 (1968).

An information was filed in the Circuit Court of Orange County, Florida charging petitioner with the third degree felony offense of possession of marijuana in excess of five grams. Following his arrest he was released on bail in the amount of $2,500. In due course the case was tried before a jury. A verdict of guilty as charged was rendered and recorded. The trial judge withheld adjudication of guilt but under the authority of Rule 3.550 R. Cr.P.1 ordered petitioner to be taken into respondent’s custody forthwith.

While thus incarcerated petitioner filed with this court his application for writ of habeas corpus alleging essentially the above matters. Perceiving that the petition set forth a prima facie case in view of Fla.Const. art. I, § 14 (1968)2 and the case of Ex Parte McDaniel3 we issued a rule to show cause. Respondent’s return to the rule did not deny any of the material allegations of the petition, but in essence asserted that petitioner was in custody under the provisions of Rule 3.550 R.Cr.P. and that the Florida Supreme Court’s adoption of this rule constituted an implicit ruling on its constitutional validity. Petitioner’s reply correctly notes that the rule is taken verbatim from former Fla.Stat. § 919.20 (1967), which was originally enacted as Ch. 19554, § 235, Laws of Fla. (1939). We therefore reject the respondent’s argument that the Supreme Court’s adoption of the Rules of Criminal Procedure constituted a ruling per se on the constitutionality of Rule 3.550 R.Cr.P. When read literally and construed strictly, Rule 3.550 R.Cr.P. does conflict with Fla.Const. art. I, § 14 (1968). However, the rule can be saved by construing it to mean, in conformity with the constitu tional provision and Rule 3.130(a) R.Cr.P.,4 that it deals with a situation where adjudication has also taken place, so that the “pre-adjudication bail” guaranteed by Fla. Const, art. I, § 14 (1968) effectively comes to an end and the “limited appeal bail” authorized by law5 becomes applicable.

We specifically hold that until such time as petitioner has been adjudicated guilty his right to be released on bail continues after verdict in all respects the same as before verdict. Since petitioner’s right to bail was denied solely because of the jury verdict of guilty, and for no other 'reason, it follows that petitioner was unlawfully deprived of his liberty when taken into custody by respondent. The petition is granted, but inasmuch as petitioner is now at liberty under a temporary order of this court, the writ is unnecessary. The temporary order will remain in effect until such time as the judgment and decision of this court becomes final.

It is our opinion that this decision passes upon the following question of great public interest:

“Where a person has been charged with a crime as to which he is entitled to bail as a matter of right under Fla.Const. art. I, § 14 (1968), does his entitlement to bail as a matter of right continue between return of a verdict of guilty and the entry of a judgment of guilty?”

Upon timely request of either party to this cause, it is our intention to so certify to the Supreme Court of Florida.

WALDEN, C. J., and DOWNEY, J., concur. . “Rule 3.550. Disposition of Defendant.

“If a verdict of guilty is rendered the defendant shall, if in custody, be remanded; if he is at large on bail he may be taken into custody and committed to the proper official, or remain at liberty on the same or additional bail as the court may direct.”

. “SECTION 14. Bail. — Until adjudged guilty, every person charged with a crime or violation of municipal or county ordinance shall be entitled to release on reasonable bail with sufficient surety unless charged with a capital offense or an offense punishable by life imprisonment and the proof of guilt is evident or the presumption is great.”

. 86 Fla. 145, 97 So. 317 (1923).

. “Rule 8.180. Pre-Trial Release.

“(a) Offenses Less Than Capital. All persons in custody for the commission of an offense unless it is a capital offense or an offense punishable by life imprisonment and the proof of guilt is evident or the presumption is great shall be entitled as of right to be admitted to bail before conviction. After conviction bail may be granted in the discretion of either the trial or appellate court.”

An accused in a criminal matter is not “convicted” until formally adjudged guilty by the trial court. Ex Parte McDaniel, supra; Timmons v. State, 97 Fla. 23, 119 So. 393 (1929).

. See, Rule 3.691 R.Cr.P., Rule 6.15 F.A.R., and Younghans v. State, 90 So. 2d 308 (Fla.1956).


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Hancock v. State, 386 So. 2d 613 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980)
    …nly prior to adjudication of guilt. Wells v. Wainwright, 260 So. 2d 196 (Fla.1972). Until one has been adjudicated guilty, however, his right to be released on bail continues even after verdict, in all respects as before verdict. Andress v. Coleman, 320 So. 2d 451 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975). Where one is denied bail solely because of a jury verdict of guilty, he is unlawfully deprived of his liberty when taken into custody. Id. In Andress, defendant was released on bail prior to trial and was subsequently found guil…
  • State ex rel. Robert H. Lickert v. Roberts, 331 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976)
    …t of habeas corpus and the response thereto, it is ORDERED that the trial court shall treat petitioner’s status for purposes of bail as pre-conviction until adjudication of guilt, according to the rationale of Andress v. Coleman, Fla.App. 4th 1975, 320 So. 2d 451.…
  • Cheatham v. Novell, 382 So. 2d 361 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980)
    …shable by life imprisonment,1 all citizens enjoy the right to release on reasonable bail until the moment of adjudication. Article I § 14, Florida Constitution; State ex rel. Lickert v. Roberts, 331 So. 2d 394 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976); Andress v. Coleman, 320 So. 2d 451 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975), cert. dism. 320 So. 2d 393 (Fla.1975). Equally accepted is the proposition that except for certain recidi [*362] vists,2 “[a]ll persons who have been adjudicated guilty of the commission of any offense, not capital, may be relea…

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