ALEX BERNSTEIN, APPELLANT,
v.
EVELYN DWORK, APPELLEE
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Alex Bernstein, co-maker and accommodation endorser of promissory notes issued by Ivy Investment Corporation, appeals a judgment holding him liable for the outstanding balance. Bernstein claimed he was released from liability when he sold his interest in the company to his business partner Leo Dwork, but the trial court found no agency relationship between Leo Dwork and his wife Evelyn (the note holder) and upheld the judgment.
Leo Dwork was not an indispensable party because the action concerned only the promissory notes with Evelyn as holder and payee and Bernstein as co-maker. The trial court's finding that Bernstein failed to prove Leo Dwork acted as Evelyn's agent—which would bind her to the release—will not be disturbed. The trial court properly exercised its discretion in severing the tort-based counterclaim and crossclaims from the contract claim.
[1] A party is indispensable if their absence prevents a complete and efficient determination of the rights and liabilities of the other parties.
[2] A husband's release of a co-obligor does not bind his wife unless an agency relationship is proven.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“An indispensable party is defined as one whose interest in the subject matter of the action is such that if he is not joined, a complete and efficient determination of the equities, rights and liabilities of the other parties is not possible.”
Establishes the legal standard for whether Leo Dwork was required to be a party to the action
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn 1972, Bernstein and Leo Dwork formed Ivy Investment Corporation and issued two promissory notes totaling $35,300 to Evelyn Dwork, with Bernstein as…
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PER CURIAM.
Defendant appeals an adverse final judgment in an action to recover the outstanding balance due on two promissory notes of which he was the co-maker and accommodation endorser. In 1972 Alex Bernstein, appellant herein, and Leo Dwork, husband of the appellee Evelyn Dwork, formed Ivy Investment Corporation, a real estate venture. On March 12 and June 7 Ivy Investment Cor poration issued two promissory notes in the aggregate sum of $35,300 to Evelyn Dwork. Alex Bernstein was co-maker and accommodation endorser of these notes. In the latter half of 1973, Bernstein and Leo Dwork mutually agreed to dissolve their business relationship. Thereupon, Bernstein conveyed his interest in all his Ivy stock to Leo Dwork and in exchange therefor Leo Dwork personally released Bernstein from any obligations or causes of action which may arise in connection .with Ivy Investement Corporation. On October 19 Evelyn Dwork presented the notes for payment to Ivy Investment and Alex Bernstein. The notes having been dishonored, Evelyn Dwork, as holder and payee, filed the instant lawsuit against Bernstein and Ivy Investment Corporation to recover the balance due thereon plus interest and attorney’s fees. Bernstein filed an answer denying the allegations of plaintiff’s complaint and plead as one of his affirmative defenses, the release. Bernstein also filed a counterclaim for conspiracy against Evelyn Dwork and several cross-claims against Ivy Investment Corporation, Leo Dwork and others. These claims were severed by the trial judge. The cause proceeded to a non-jury trial, at the conclusion of which the trial judge entered final judgment holding defendants Alex Bernstein and Ivy Investment Corporation jointly and severally liable to Evelyn Dwork in the total amount of $31,514.80 plus costs and reasonable attorney’s fees. Alex Bernstein appeals therefrom.
Appellant first urges as reversible error the trial court’s proceeding without an indispensable party, to wit: Leo Dwork.
An indispensable party is defined as one whose interest in the subject matter of the action is such that if he is not joined, a complete and efficient determination of the equities, rights and liabilities of the other parties is not possible. Grammer v. Roman, Fla.App.1965, 174 So. 2d 443; Kephart v. Pickens, Fla.App.1972, 271 So. 2d 163. In the case sub judice, the trial court was concerned only with the promissory notes reflecting plaintiff as the holder and payee and appellant as co-maker and accommodation endorser. There being no allegation in appellant’s answer that plaintiff and her husband were joint obligees, we hold that Mr. Dwork was not an indispensable party to the instant action.
For his second point on appeal, appellant argues that the court erred in failing to recognize that the release given by Evelyn Dwork’s husband was binding upon her. Hereunder, Bernstein basically contended that Leo Dwork was acting as an agent for his wife and, therefore, she should be bound by the release. The question of agency is one of fact to be determined by the trier of the fact and the burden of proof is on the party who asserts it. See 1 Fla.Jur. Agency § 8 (1955) and cases cited therein. Implicit in the final judgment is the finding of the trial judge, the trier of the facts, that appellant failed to prove the agency relationship. We will not disturb this determination as the record contains substantial competent evidence in support thereof.
Last, appellant contends the trial court erred in severing his counterclaim and crossclaims. We disagree.
A trial judge has broad discretion in the interest of effective judicial administration to sever the claims or to order separate trials under RCP 1.250 and 1.-270(b). Roberts v. Keystone Trucking Company, Fla.App.1972, 259 So. 2d 171. We cannot say the trial judge abused his discretion in severing the counterclaim and crossclaims which sound in tort from plaintiff’s contract claim.
Affirmed.
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Jaar v. The Univ. OF Miami, 474 So. 2d 239 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)…dissent. I would grant the rehearing en banc and affirm the judgment on the jury verdict in favor of the University of Miami. The question of agency is normally a jury question. Cirou v. Basler, 432 So. 2d 628 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983); Bernstein v. Dwork, 320 So. 2d 472 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975); Financial Fire & Casualty Company v. Southmost Vegetable Cooperative Association, 212 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 3d DCA 1968). It was properly submitted to the jury under the issues as framed in the pleadings. Parsons v. Reyes, 238 So. 2d 5…
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Yost v. Am. Nat'l Bank, 570 So. 2d 350 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)…everance of the counterclaim resulted in a deprivation of the right to jury trial. The hearing transcript in the instant case suggests that the trial court’s grant of severance may have been based on ANB’s argument predicated on Bernstein v. Dwork, 320 So. 2d 472 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975), cert. denied, 336 So. 2d 599 (Fla.1976). In Bernstein, the court approved severance of a counterclaim and cross-claims from the plaintiff’s suit on two promissory notes. Among other issues raised on appeal, Bernstein contended th…
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Boulton Agency, Inc. v. Phoenix Worldwide Indus., Inc., 698 So. 2d 1248 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997)…at Boulton was not Travelers’ agent for the purpose of setting coverage limits.1 Furthermore, “[t]he question of agency is one of fact to be determined by the trier of fact and the burden of proof is on the party who asserts it.” Bernstein v. Dwork, 320 So. 2d 472, 474 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975). The issue of whether Boulton was acting as the agent of Travelers such that Travelers could be held vicariously liable for Boulton’s alleged negligence in procuring inadequate coverage limits, was a question for the jury. We…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Grammer v. Roman, 174 So. 2d 443 (Fla. 2d DCA 1965)
- Augusta Kephart v. Pickens, 271 So. 2d 163 (Fla. 4th DCA 1972)
- Roberts v. Keystone Trucking Co., 259 So. 2d 171 (Fla. 4th DCA 1972)