CONSTANCE D. COE ET AL., APPELLANTS,
v.
BROWARD COUNTY, FLORIDA, ET AL., APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1976-01-09
No. 75-235
DOWNEY, J. and NESBITT, JOSEPH, Associate Judge, concur.
327 So. 2d 69 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1976) Negative Treatment
Cited by 12 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Broward County taxpayers challenged a county tax millage increase exceeding statutory limits under Chapter 74-434, Laws of Florida. The court held that the county improperly interpreted the statute's exception for matching fund programs and reversed the trial court's judgment upholding the .3481 mill add-on.


Holding

The statute did not authorize the add-on. The exception for matching formula programs was intended to prevent the millage ceiling from preventing participation in programs with required minimum millage thresholds, not to permit counties to add contributions to programs without such requirements. The court also held the statute constitutional, rejecting the county's constitutional challenge.


Headnotes

[1] A court has appellate jurisdiction to consider an appeal where the trial court's judgment for the appellee did not necessarily pass upon the validity of a statute in orde…

[2] A statutory proviso permitting a higher millage level to participate in state revenue sharing or other matching formulas is intended to prevent a millage ceiling from dis…

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Key Quotes

“The obvious legislative intent of Ch. 74-434 is to put a 10% ceiling on increased property taxes, with the proviso that a taxing authority may exceed the ceiling if "necessary to participate in state revenue sharing, [and] maintain the local required effort under the state minimum foundation program or any other matching formula for funding of state or local governmental programs or projects."”

Establishes the primary purpose of the statute and the narrow scope of the exception.

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Facts & Procedural History

Chapter 74-434 required Broward County to reduce its tax millage proportionate to increases in assessed values, with exceptions for state revenue shar…

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Opinion of the Court
OWEN, Judge.

OWEN, Judge.

Appellants filed an action for declaratory relief alleging that appellee Broward County had violated Ch. 74-434, Laws of Fla., Special Acts (1974), by exceeding the tax millage rate authorized therein. Bro-ward County filed a counterclaim alleging that Ch. 74 — 434 violated Fla.Const. Art. Ill, § 11(a)(2)1

Ch. 74-434 provided that when the general level of assessed value was increased over the preceding year, the County Commission and other Broward County taxing authorities were required to reduce the millage to be levied from what it was the preceding year proportionate to the increase of the general level of assessed value. The act required the tax assessor to certify to the taxing authority the reduced millage Uecessary to comply with this chapter. The. Broward County assessor Certified to the County Commission a 1974 millage of 2.939 mills (hereinafter referred to as the certified millage). Ch. 74 — 434 permitted the taxing authority to raise the certified millage by 10% after a public hearing. The Broward County Commission did so, thereby increasing the millage to 3.233 mills. The act further permitted an additional-5% increase if necessary to avoid an impairment of the taxing authority’s ability to meet its obligations. The County did not seek the additional 5% increase.

Ch. 74 — 434 provided one further exception, the construction of which is at issue here. Section 1(1) of the act required the above described millage reduction, “unless otherwise required by law to maintain a higher millage level in order to participate in state revenue sharing, or any other matching formula for funding of state or local government programs or projects.” Similarly, Section 6 of the act provided: The Broward County Commission interpreted these provisions to apply to all matching fund programs in which the County participated and. to permit such funds to be treated as an “add-on”. The total funding of all such programs equalled .3481 mills which the County added to the millage (on top of the 10% increase) for a total of 3.581 mills. This was an increase over the certified millage of 21.84%. Appellants’ complaint alleged that the add-on of .3481 mills for all matching fund programs was a violation of Ch. 74-434. “Local taxing authorities may maintain a millage level necessary to participate in state revenue sharing, maintain the local required effort under the state minimum foundation program or any other matching formula for funding of state or local governmental programs or projects.” Both parties moved for summary judgment. The circuit court granted defendant-Broward County’s motion and entered final judgment for the County on the grounds that Ch. 74 — 434 authorized the add-on of .3481 mills. This appeal followed.

Although appellees had raised in the trial court the issue of the constitutionality of Ch. 74-434, the final judgment does not expressly pass upon that issue. None of the parties raised the question of this court’s jurisdiction to consider the appeal; however, at the time of oral argument, the court on its own motion raised the question of whether the trial court had passed dijectly upon the validity of a state statute, thereby placing appellate jurisdiction in the Supreme Court under Fla.Const. Art. V, § 3(b)(1). Upon further consideration of that subject, we have concluded that in entering judgment for the appellee Broward County the trial court did not necessarily pass upon the validity of the statute in order to arrive at its judgment, as would have been the case had the judgment been entered favorable to appellants’ position. See, Harrell’s Candy Kitchen, Inc. v. Sarasota-Manatee Airport Authority, 111 So. 2d 439 (Fla.1959). We therefore have appellate jurisdiction.

The obvious legislative intent of Ch. 74-434 is to put a 10% ceiling on increased property taxes, with the proviso that a taxing authority may exceed the ceiling if “necessary to participate in state revenue sharing, [and] maintain the local required effort under the state minimum foundation program or any other matching formula for funding of state or local governmental programs or projects.” The act specifically enumerates two particular matching formula programs — state revenue sharing and the state minimum foundation programs — both of which require a governmental unit to levy a certain minimum millage in order to participate.2 Applying the rule of ejusdem generis, it is apparent that this proviso was intended simply to avoid a situation where the millage ceiling would prevent the governmental unit from participating in such programs because it failed to meet a required minimum millage. No such problem existed in the case at bar. Rather, Broward County added up its contribution to every matching fund program in which it participated and treated the total as an “add-on” on top of the certified millage plus 10%. None of the programs had a required minimum millage levy in order to qualify the County for participation. The additional millage was not “required by law” or “necessary to participate” in these programs.

Appellees’ position requires an interpretation of the “necessary to participate” phrase as meaning “necessary to participate without having to reduce other budget items which the County Commission doesn’t care to reduce.” Such an interpretation is, contrary to the obvious intent of the act, results in a millage increase of over 21% — more than double the statutory ceiling' — and ignores the rule of statutory construction that an exception or proviso in a statute is to be strictly construed. Farrey v. Bettendorf, 96 So. 2d 889 (Fla. 1957).

We conclude that Ch. 74-434 did not authorize the Broward County Commission to “add-on” the .3481 mills de scribed herein and the court erred in so ruling. We find that Ch. 74^-34 is not constitutionally invalid, and we reject appellees’ argument to the contrary, thereby initially and' directly passing on the validity of this state statute. Fla.Const. Art. V, § 3(b)(1).

The judgment is reversed and this cause remanded for further proceedings consistent herewith.

DOWNEY, J. and NESBITT, JOSEPH, Associate Judge, concur. . Fla.Const. Art. III, § 11(a)(2) provides as follows:

“§ 11. Prohibited special laws.—

“(a) There shall be no special law or general law of local application pertaining to:

“(2) assessment or collection of taxes for state or county purposes, including extension of time therefor, relief of tax officers from due performance of their duties, and relief of their sureties from liability; * * * ”

. Fla. S tat. § 218.23 (1973) ; Fla.Stat. § 236.081(5) (1973).


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Cited By

  • Samara Dev. Corp. v. Marlow, 556 So. 2d 1097 (Fla. 1990)
    …r of the public. See Goldring. Further, it is a well-recognized rule of statutory construction that exceptions or provisos should be narrowly and strictly construed. See Farrey v. Bet [*1101] tendorf, 96 So. 2d 889 (Fla.1957); Coe v. Broward County, 327 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 4th DCA), aff'd, 341 So. 2d 762 (Fla.1976). We believe that without the availability of at least both specific performance and damages the obligation to complete the construction within two years is illusory. Specific performance alone is not…
  • COE v. Broward Cnty., 358 So. 2d 214 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978)
    …ssessed taxes. The order of the trial court denying supplemental relief is hereby reversed with directions for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion. REVERSED WITH DIRECTIONS. DAUKSCH and LETTS, JJ., concur. . Coe v. Broward County, 327 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976); affm’d, 341 So. 2d 762 (Fla.1976). .These grounds include the failure of the appellants to previously seek an injunction, to protest the payment of the tax, or to seek administrative relief. We find no merit in these contention…
  • Broward Cnty. v. COE, 341 So. 2d 762 (Fla. 1976)
    …was raised and rejected in prior decisions of this Court. See Wilson v. Hillsborough County Aviation Auth., 138 So. 2d 65 (Fla.1962). As to appellant’s other contentions, we adopt the views expressed by Judge Owen in the decision below, reported at 327 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976). The decision below is affirmed. OVERTON, C. J., and SUNDBERG, HATCHETT and DREW (Retired), JJ., concur. ADKINS and BOYD, JJ., dissent.…

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