STATE FARM FIRE AND CASUALTY COMPANY, APPELLANT,
v.
FEDERICO SAINZ DE LA MAZA AND CARMEN DE LA MAZA, HIS WIFE, APPELLEES

Fla. 3d DCA | 1976-03-09
No. 75-585
Before HAVERFIELD and NATHAN, JJ., and CHARLES CARROLL (Ret.), Associate Judge.
328 So. 2d 547 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1976) Caution
Cited by 2 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

State Farm Fire and Casualty Company appeals a jury verdict finding it liable for bad faith in failing to settle an underlying personal injury claim within the insured's policy limits. The court affirmed the judgment, holding that State Farm's reliance on counsel's legal opinion regarding no liability was improper where counsel failed to update that opinion after controlling law changed.


Holding

State Farm is liable for bad faith. The court held that State Farm's reliance on counsel's legal opinion of no liability was improper where counsel failed to revise that opinion after the law relating to the duty owed to a social guest was changed by Billen v. Hix, decided only ten days before trial in the original action.


Headnotes

[1] An insurer may be liable for bad faith in failing to settle a claim within policy limits when its defense is based on a legal opinion that is not revised in light of subs…

[2] Testimony regarding statements made by potential witnesses over the telephone, when those witnesses are not called to testify, constitutes hearsay and is generally inadmi…

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“State Farm's reliance on advice of counsel was not applicable in that counsel failed to revise his legal opinion when the law relating to the duty owed to a social guest was changed in the decision in the case of Billen v. Hix”

Establishes that an insurer cannot justify bad faith by blindly relying on counsel's legal opinion when that opinion becomes obsolete due to changes in controlling law.

Previewing 1 of 2 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

In 1968, Federico Sainz de la Maza was accidentally shot by Senen Brito Alfonso on Brito's premises. In 1969, the de la Mazas sued Brito and State Far…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

This is an appeal by State Farm Fire and Casualty Company, defendant in the trial court, from a final judgment based on a jury verdict in favor of the plaintiffs, Federico Sainz de la Maza and Carmen de la Maza, his wife, in an action to determine matters of insurance coverage and bad faith.

This action stems from an incident which occurred in 1968. The evidence shows that Federico Sainz de la Maza was accidently shot by one Senen Brito Alfonso on the latter’s premises. In 1969, the de la Mazas filed an action for damages against Brito and against State Farm Fire and Casualty Company, with which Brito was insured under a homeowner’s policy providing $25,-000 coverage. State Farm defended the action on the basis that there was no coverage. The coverage issue was severed and a trial was held on the issue of damages only. The de la Mazas recovered judg ment against the defendants in the amount of $55,000 which is $30,000 in excess of Brito’s policy limits.

In 1972, the de la Mazas instituted an action against State Farm alleging bad faith in failing to settle the prior action within the policy limits. State Farm’s defense was based mainly on lack of cooperation on the part of Brito, its insured, who failed to appear for either trial. The issues of bad faith and coverage were tried together in this action. The jury was given special interrogatories as to both matters, and it returned a verdict in favor of the plaintiffs on the issue of negligence and bad faith and on the issue of alleged lack of cooperation. The court then entered judgment on the jury verdict in favor of the plaintiffs.

On appeal from the judgment, State Farm raises several points as error. The thrust of the appeal is that the trial court improperly excluded evidence as to the issues of coverage and bad faith in that it refused to admit testimony as to telephone calls made by the attorney for State Farm and his secretary to persons in New Jersey who may have known Brito’s whereabouts. These potential witnesses were not called to testify on behalf of the defense. Therefore, the trial court permitted the attorney and his secretary to testify as to what they themselves said, but excluded testimony as to what the potential witnesses said on the phone, as hearsay. State Farm contends that there are matters which would reflect that its efforts to get Brito to appear at the trial were diligent albeit futile. Our review of the record shows that the evidence was properly excluded and that there is substantial competent evidence that Brito did cooperate with State Farm. Accordingly, we find no reversible error on this point.

Another point on which State Farm relies heavily is that the manner in which it proceeded with the case and its failure to settle within the policy limits was based upon its attorney’s legal opinion of no liability. It appears from the record, however, that State Farm’s reliance on advice of counsel was not applicable in that counsel failed to revise his legal opinion when the law relating to the duty owed to a social guest was changed in the decision in the case of Billen v. Hix, Fla.App. 1972, 269 So. 2d 284, although we realize the decision was filed only ten days prior to the date of trial in the original action.

We have reviewed the remaining points on appeal and find them to be without merit. Therefore, the judgment herein appealed is affirmed on the authority of Campbell v. Government Employees Insurance Company, Fla.1974, 306 So. 2d 525. Also see Rova Farms Resort, Inc. v. Investors Insurance Company of America, 65 N.J. 474, 323 A. 2d 495 (1974).

Affirmed.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Cotton States Mut. Ins. Co. v. Trevethan, 390 So. 2d 724 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980)
    …supra, and we now hold that reliance on the advice of counsel is similarly evidence to be considered on the issue of bad faith, and it does not insulate the insurer from a bad faith excess judgment. Cf. State Farm Fire and Casualty Company v. Maza, 328 So. 2d 547 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976). See also, Anno: 63 A.L.R.3d 725. The last point for consideration is appellee’s contention that the court should have submitted the issue of punitive damages to the jury. The evidence submitted was insufficient to support a puni…

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw