MASAMI SORANAKA AND JANINE SORANAKA, HIS WIFE, APPELLANTS,
v.
ROBERT J. COOK AND CHERYL A. COOK, HIS WIFE, APPELLEES
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A homeowner challenged a restrictive covenant prohibiting chain link fences between the front building line and street. The trial court struck two affirmative defenses, but the appellate court held that reasonableness of the covenant states a legal defense and that equity principles allow defendants to raise improper motive claims, even if selective enforcement does not constitute a legal defense.
The court held that appellants' first affirmative defense regarding the reasonableness of the covenant does state a legal defense and should not have been stricken. The court held that the second defense does not state a legal defense at law since selective non-enforcement does not constitute a defense to violation of a covenant. However, because appellees sought equitable relief, appellants should be permitted to plead and prove a 'clean hands' defense based on improper motive, and should be allowed to amend to adequately allege such a defense.
[1] A restrictive covenant on real property will not be enforced unless the restraint is within reasonable bounds.
[2] A plaintiff's failure to sue other violators of a restrictive covenant does not constitute a legal defense to a defendant's violation.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“it will not enforce a covenant unless 'the restraint is within reasonable bounds'”
Establishes that reasonableness of restrictive covenants is a proper legal defense
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellees/plaintiffs sought damages and injunctive relief to enforce a restrictive covenant on real property in Hillsborough County, Florida that proh…
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BOARDMAN, Chief Judge.
Appellees/plaintiffs filed suit and prayed for damages and a mandatory injunction to enforce a restrictive covenant on real property in Hillsborough County, Florida. The restrictive covenant provided that:
No chain link fence shall be erected on any lot between the front building line and the street.
Appellants/defendants answered and asserted two affirmative defenses:
1. That said alleged restrictive covenants is an unreasonable, arbitrary, and capricious restriction on Defendants’ free and enjoyable use of their real property. 2. That this action is a violation of Defendants’ civil rights and equal protection under the law in that said alleged covenant is being arbitrarily evoked against Defendants while there are many others with similar fences who are not being litigated against; more specifically, 8347, 8312, 8310 and 8301 Garrison Circle, 8346, 8310 Gatewood Circle, and 8338 Drycreek Drive.
After hearing the trial court ordered both defenses stricken for failure to state a legal defense and granted appellants
ten (10) days within which to file amended affirmative defenses providing, however, that Defendants may not again raise the defense that the action is in violation of Defendants’ Civil Rights based on allegations of ethnic discrimination, but rather, may only raise the defense, at Defendants’ discretion, that similar fences erected in the neighborhood demonstrate a total disregard by the occupants of the subdivision that the covenants have become null and their validity ineffective.
We hold that appellants’ first affirmative defense does state a legal defense and should not have been stricken. Since this court has held that it will not enforce a covenant unless “the restraint is within reasonable bounds” appellants should be afforded an opportunity to plead and prove that the covenant at issue here is not a reasonable restriction on the use of their property. Hagan v. Sabal Palms, Inc., 186 So. 2d 302, 309 (Fla. 2d DCA 1966). The question whether this defense includes merely conclusionary or immaterial statements is not before us.
The fact that appellees have not brought suit against other persons who are in violation of the restrictive covenant does not constitute a defense at law to appellants’ violation of the covenant. See City of Leesburg v. Knight, 164 So. 2d 547 (Fla. 2d DCA 1964). See also Telophase Society of Fla., Inc. v. State Board of Funeral Directors & Embalmers, 308 So. 2d 606 (Fla. 2d
DCA 1975). The trial court’s ruling that appellants’ second affirmative defense does not state a legal defense was correct, and it was properly stricken. Nevertheless since appellees are seeking equitable relief appellants are permitted to present in their pleadings any matter which is relevant or material to the equities. Petersohn v. Keech, Fla., 39 So. 2d 714 (1949); Horne v. Sewell, 118 So. 2d 643 (Fla. 1st DCA 1960). The substance of appellants’ second affirmative defense and of the trial court’s order indicates that appellants may have attempted to raise the “clean hands” maxim by alleging that appellees’ motive for bringing the suit was improper. See Brooker v. Smith, 108 So. 2d 790 (Fla. 2d DCA 1959). See 27 Am.Jur.2d Equity § 140 (1966). We hold that although appellants failed to adequately allege “clean hands” they should be allowed at least one opportunity to amend to sufficiently state a “clean hands” defense. See National Life Insurance Co. v. Harriott, 268 So. 2d 397 (Fla. 2d DCA 1972).
REVERSED in part; AFFIRMED in part; REMANDED for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
HOBSON and McNULTY, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Cited By
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Kies v. Hollub, 450 So. 2d 251 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)…ants imposed by a general plan, restraining the free use of real property, although generally valid and enforceable, are not favored in the law and will not be honored by the courts unless the restraint is within reasonable bounds. Soranaka v. Cook, 343 So. 2d 51 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977); Hagan v. Sabal Palms, Inc., 186 So. 2d 302 (Fla. 2d DCA), cert. denied, 192 So. 2d 489 (Fla.1966). As to the first standard it is the appellants’ burden to make a clear showing that discretion was abused, see Gould v. National Ba…
Authorities Cited
- Hagan v. Sabal Palms, Inc., 186 So. 2d 302 (Fla. 2d DCA 1966)
- Brooker v. Smith, 108 So. 2d 790 (Fla. 2d DCA 1959)
- The Nat'l Life Ins. Co. of Fla. & Cent. Plaza Bank & Tr. Co. v. Harriott, 268 So. 2d 397 (Fla. 2d DCA 1972)
- The Telophase Soc'y OF Fla., Inc. v. State Bd. OF Funeral Directors & Embalmers, 308 So. 2d 606 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975)
- City OF Leesburg v. Knight, 164 So. 2d 547 (Fla. 2d DCA 1964)
- Horne v. Isola Sewell and Marjorie Lucille Holt, 118 So. 2d 643 (Fla. 1st DCA 1960)