JOSEPH P. PENZA, PETITIONER,
v.
THEODORE NECKLES, ETC., RESPONDENT

Fla. | 1977-04-07
No. 50875
OVERTON, C. J., and ADKINS, BOYD and HATCHETT, JJ., concur.
344 So. 2d 1282 Florida Supreme Court (1977) Negative Treatment
Cited by 26 cases

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Holding

A release of one joint and several obligor releases all other obligors on the same obligation, even if the release expressly states otherwise.


Headnotes

[1] A release of one joint and several obligor releases all other joint and several obligors on the same obligation under Florida common law.

[2] A written release expressly stating the intent not to release other joint and several obligors does not alter the common law rule that releasing one obligor releases all.

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Facts & Procedural History

After obtaining a judgment against two joint and several obligors, the petitioner released one obligor for a sum of money, expressly stating the other…

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Opinion of the Court
KARL, Justice.

KARL, Justice.

We have for review, on petition for certiorari granted, a question of great public interest certified to us by the District Court of Appeal, Fourth District, which ruled upon the question in the decision of Penza v. Neckles et al., reported at 340 So. 2d 1210. Jurisdiction vests pursuant to Article V, Section 3(b)(3), Florida Constitution.

In a suit brought by petitioner Joseph P. Penza against respondents Theodore Neck-les and Daniel Resnick to recover money loaned, expenses incurred and compensation for services, final judgment was entered against Neckles and Resnick, jointly and severally, for $29,392.42. After the entry of the final judgment, the petitioner executed and delivered a document to Resnick wherein, for the sum of $2,500, he released Resnick from any obligation on the judgment. The post final judgment instrument is a standard general release form which was modified to provide specifically that the other obligor, respondent Neckles, was not released in any manner. On motion to vacate final judgment, and following an evidentiary hearing, the trial court ruled that the document operated to discharge Neckles, as well as Resnick, from liability to petitioner on the final judgment.

Appeal was taken, and the District Court of Appeal, Fourth District, confronted with the question as to whether the trial court’s conclusion that the subject instrument satisfied, released and/or discharged Neckles from final judgment of December 31, 1974, was proper, concurred that the release Penza gave Resniek discharged Neckles from liability because, under the law in Florida, the common law rule still prevails and a release of one joint and several obligor releases all others. The District Court considered treating the release in question as a covenant not to sue but rejected this approach because such course of action was condemned by this court in Louisville & N. R. Co. v. Allen, 67 Fla. 257, 65 So. 8 (1914). The District Court certified the following question as one of great public interest:

“Does the written release of one joint and several obligor release all other joint and several obligors on the same obligation when the release expressly states that is not the intention of the obligee to release any other joint and several obligor and when the release expressly reserves the right in the obligee to sue any and all other joint and several obligors?”

We find that the District Court correctly answered the certified question in the affirmative. The post judgment general release given by petitioner to Resnick also discharged Neckles from the obligation since the common law which still prevails in Florida is to the effect that a release of one joint and several obligor releases all others. Moreover, the District Court was correct in refusing to treat the post judgment release as a covenant not to sue.

Section 768.041, Florida Statutes, which provides that a release or covenant not to sue as to one tortfeasor shall not operate to release or discharge the liability of any other tortfeasor who may be liable for the same tort or death, extends only to the full limits of causes of action in tort. Cf. Sun First National Bank of Melbourne v. Batchelor, 321 So. 2d 73 (Fla.1975). However, this is the outer limit of application of this statute. It does not extend in any way to releases involving joint and several obli-gors.

Furthermore, we find that Continental Can Co., Inc. v. Lee Co., Inc., 40 So. 2d 783 (Fla.1949), does not constitute precedent for receding from the common law. Therein, this court was confronted with the question of whether, when a husband and wife sign a written guaranty of account for purchases to be made by a third party corporation on open account, the resulting debt is a debt of the husband, for which the wife’s separate property cannot be taken, except by an instrument in writing as required by Section 1, Article XI, Florida Constitution (1885).

This court answered the question in the negative and determined that the contract of guaranty was executed long after the Married Woman’s Emancipation Act took effect and that this act enabled the wife to execute the contract of guaranty by which she became liable for the debt of the corporation and not that of her husband. The excerpt therefrom, cited to us by petitioner for the proposition that release of one joint and several obligor does not release all, was merely obiter dicta and not in any way necessary to the disposition of that cause.

Accordingly, having determined that the District Court properly answered the certified question in the affirmative, the writ heretofore issued is hereby discharged.

It is so ordered.

OVERTON, C. J., and ADKINS, BOYD and HATCHETT, JJ., concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (11 total)

  • …23, 1980. § 46.015, Fla.Stat. (Supp.1980).2 However, since the agreement in the instant case was executed prior to that date, the district court affirmed based on Florida law prior to the adoption of section 46.015. The court found Penza v. Neckles, 344 So. 2d 1282 (Fla.1977), to be controlling, “however much we may incline to the opposite view.” 405 So. 2d at 273. Because the legislature had expressed its intention to change the rule by enacting section 46.015, however, the court believed there may have been…
    1 / 2
  • AETNA Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Beane, 385 So. 2d 1087 (Fla. 4th DCA 1980)
    …sor no longer acts as a relaease of all joint tort-feasors, by virtue of Section 768.041, Florida Statutes (1977), appellant contends that a different rule prevails as to joint and several obligors, placing itself in that category. Penza v. Neckles, 344 So. 2d 1282 (Fla.1977), is correctly cited for that proposition. Appellant contends that since the liability of an insurer depends upon the liability of its insured and that an insurer’s obligation extends only to the legal obligations of the insured, the relea…
  • Deese v. Mobley, 392 So. 2d 364 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981)
    …entire debt, this had the effect of also releasing Mr. Mobley, with whom Mrs. Mobley was jointly and severally liable on the note1. The rule of law applied by the trial court is found in Penza v. Neckles 340 So. 2d 1210 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976), approved 344 So. 2d 1282 (Fla.1977), which held that the written release of one joint and several obligor on a contractual obligation discharged from liability the other joint and several obligor, even though the release expressly stated that it was not the obligee’s intent…

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