TYRONE BERNARD JONES, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1977-04-22
No. 76-719
MAGER, C. J., and ALDERMAN, J., concur.
345 So. 2d 809 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1977) Caution
Cited by 18 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Jones appeals his conviction after the trial court denied his motion to suppress evidence obtained from a warrantless search of his vehicle. The Fourth DCA reversed, holding that police unlawfully searched the car under the guise of an inventory search when Jones's willing friends were present to take possession of the vehicle.


Holding

The court held the search was unlawful and unconstitutional. Although inventory searches are permissible to protect property and police from false claims, police must have a legitimate need to impound the vehicle. When Jones's willing friends were present and capable of taking the vehicle, no impound need existed, making the search unreasonable and an apparent pretext for exploratory search.


Headnotes

[1] An inventory search of a vehicle is permissible to protect the arrestee's property and the police from false claims.

[2] Police must have a need to impound a vehicle before conducting an inventory search.

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Key Quotes

“The individual in custody should be advised of and given the choice of leaving the car in its location, contacting someone else to take charge of the car or having it impounded.”

Establishes the requirement that police must inform arrested persons of alternatives to impounding, and cannot impound when the individual is willing to arrange alternatives.

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Facts & Procedural History

Police arrested Jones on outstanding warrants for driver license violations and seized his car. Jones and his friends immediately requested that the c…

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Opinion of the Court
DAUKSCH, Judge.

DAUKSCH, Judge.

This is an appeal from a denial of a Motion to Suppress Evidence and a Judgment of conviction.

At 4:00 P.M. the Appellant was in his car following two of his friends in another car on their way to the friends’ house. The police had warrants for the arrest of Appellant for driver license violations and stopped the Appellant in order to arrest him in accordance with those warrants. Upon the Appellant being stopped he was ordered from his car, handcuffed and placed in the police car. In the meantime the Appellant’s friend saw the police stop the Appellant, turned her car around and drove back to the scene of the arrest. Both the Appellant and his friends requested the police to release the car to one of the friends, at least one of whom was a licensed driver. Instead the police proceeded to seize the car and search it without a search warrant or the valid consent of the Appellant. Probable cause to search was non-existent.

The State urges the search was not a search but an inventory subsequent to an impounding of the car. The officer testified it is routine procedure to conduct an inventory of the contents of a car after its driver is arrested. The officers also testified that the inventory had already begun when the Appellant and friends asked that the car be released to one of the friends.

During the search of the car, to inventory the contents, the officers opened the trunk and found a suitcase laying underneath a garment bag. There was also a toolbox in the trunk. In order to complete their inventory the officers obtained from the Appellant’s pocket a key which fit the locked toolbox. They opened it. They also opened the suitcase and found an envelope inside. They opened the envelope and found what ultimately turned out to be cocaine.

The question is whether or not the search and seizure was a valid exercise of police power not in contravention of Appellant’s rights under Article I, Section 12 of the Florida Constitution and the Fourth Amendment to the United States Constitution.

There is no question that an inventory is a search. State v. Jenkins, 319 So. 2d 91 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975). Nor is there any question that inventory searches are proper to protect the arrestee’s property from theft and the police from false claims. Godbee v. State, 224 So. 2d 441 (Fla. 2d DCA 1969).

But there is a limit to the right of the police to dig into the affairs of an arrestee and the limit was breached here. As was stated in Jenkins, supra, the totality of the circumstances must be viewed in each case, but certain standards are not hard to define. For example, in order for the police to inventory they must have a need to impound. Chuze v. State, 330 So. 2d 166 (Fla. 4th DCA 1976). In the case at bar the friends of the Appellant were on the scene from the beginning and certainly before the trunk search began. They were willing and the Appellant requested that they be allowed to take the car. Thus the need to search the trunk was obviated. With no inventory need to search, no probable cause to search and no search warrant it becomes rather obvious the search was unreasonable and probably a pretext for an exploratory search. Chuze, supra.

In Jenkins, supra, we said:

“The individual in custody should be advised of and given the choice of leaving the car in its location, contacting someone else to take charge of the car or having it impounded. An individual who is taken into custody ought not to have his vehicle impounded, inventoried and towed away under such circumstances where alternative steps can be taken to secure the vehicle and the individual is willing to accept the responsibility for the safekeeping of the contents of such vehicle.” at 94-95. (Emphasis in original.)

In the case at bar the police officers never advised the Defendant of the applicable alternative choices and, in fact, elimina ted the quite acceptable choice made by refusing to release the car. The Order denying the Motion to Suppress and the Judgment of conviction is reversed and this matter is remanded for further proceedings consistent herewith.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

MAGER, C. J., and ALDERMAN, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Lothar Sommer v. State, 465 So. 2d 1339 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985)
    …ble must be consulted concerning the impoundment. 403 So. 2d at 1313 (emphasis supplied). Were this search to be upheld, it could hardly be upheld upon the impoundment and inventory basis because Miller would not permit it. See also Jones v. State, 345 So. 2d 809 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977). An appellate court should not overturn an order denying the suppression of evidence if any legal basis to sustain the trial court exists. See Combs v. State, 436 So. 2d 93 (Fla.1983); Robinson v. State, 393 So. 2d 33 (Fla. 1st…
  • Sanders v. State, 403 So. 2d 973 (Fla. 1981)
    …isions in State v. Miller, 369 So. 2d 619 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979), and State v. Dearden, 347 So. 2d 462 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977), and in conflict with the decisions of the Fourth District in Session v. State, 353 So. 2d 854 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977); Jones v. State, 345 So. 2d 809 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977); State v. Jenkins, 319 So. 2d 91 (Fla. 4th DCA 1975). We recently resolved this conflict in Miller v. State, 403 So. 2d 1307 (Fla.1981), which we held: (1) the purpose of an inventory search is a caretaking function exclusively…
  • Session v. State, 353 So. 2d 854 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977)
    …he individual is willing to accept the responsibility for the safekeeping of the contents of such vehicle.” Id. at 94. (Emphasis that of court.) On the facts of this case, we believe that our holdings in State v. Jenkins, supra, and Jones v. State, 345 So. 2d 809 (Fla.4th DCA 1977), required that the police advise Session of his option to leave the automobile where it was located or allow him to have it driven away by the passenger or some other person of his choice. Accordingly, since we find the trial cou…

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