JOHN L. WILLIAMS, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1977-02-08
No. 75-1508
Before HENDRY, C. J., and BARKDULL and NATHAN, JJ.
346 So. 2d 554 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1977) Caution
Cited by 14 cases

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Synopsis

John L. Williams appeals his conviction for two counts of assault with intent to commit first degree murder, arguing that the trial court erred by failing to give a jury instruction on the consequences of a not guilty by reason of insanity verdict (the 'Lyles instruction'). The appellate court affirmed the conviction, holding that the defendant waived the issue by failing to request the instruction or object to its omission at trial.


Holding

The appellate court rejected the defendant's claim of fundamental error. Even assuming the Florida Supreme Court's decision in Roberts v. State made the Lyles instruction mandatory, such a procedural rule would not have retroactive application and would not apply to cases where the defendant failed to request the instruction or object to its omission, as required by Florida's appellate and criminal procedure rules.


Headnotes

[1] A defendant must request a jury instruction on the consequences of a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity to preserve the issue for appeal.

[2] A defendant must object to jury instructions that are considered defective or improper to preserve the issue for appeal.

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Key Quotes

“Roberts v. State, supra, stands for the proposition that it is mandatory for the trial court to give a 'Lyles' instruction if it is requested. No where does that case obviate the necessity of complying with applicable rules of procedure requiring the defendant to request instructions he desires be given to the jury or to object to what he considers defective or improper charges.”

Establishes that while Roberts made the Lyles instruction mandatory when requested, it did not eliminate procedural requirements to request or object

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Facts & Procedural History

Williams was convicted by jury of two counts of assault with intent to commit first degree murder and sentenced to consecutive sentences of 15 and 10 …

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Opinion of the Court
BARKDULL, Judge.

BARKDULL, Judge.

The appellant appeals from a final judgment after a jury verdict finding him guilty of two counts of assault with intent to commit first degree murder. He was sentenced to consecutive sentences of 15 and 10 years.

One of the defenses was not guilty by reason of insanity. No request for an instruction on the consequences of a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity was made by defense counsel. No objections to the instructions as given by the court were made by defense counsel and, in fact, defense counsel agreed to the instructions as given. Subsequent to the trial in this case, the Supreme Court of Florida rendered the opinion in Roberts v. State, 335 So. 2d 285 (Fla.1976), wherein it adopted the so-called Lyles rule in regard to this type of instruction. Said opinion reads, in part, as follows:

**

“ * * * we decline to limit our holding to the facts of this case. In so doing we expressly adopt the so-called ‘Lyles rule,’ which is followed in an increasing number of state jurisdictions. * * * ” [emphasis supplied]

On this appeal, counsel for the appellant urges fundamental error in the failure of the trial judge to give the Lyles charge. We reject this contention.

Florida Appellate Rules of procedure makes it incumbent on a defendant to request an instruction desired. See: Fla. App. Rule 6.7g. Pursuant to Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.390(d), it is incumbent upon the defendant to object to the jury instructions if they don’t meet with his approval. Roberts v. State, supra, stands for the proposition that it is mandatory for the trial court to give a “Lyles” instruction if it is requested. No where does that case obviate the necessity of complying with applicable rules of procedure requiring the defendant to request instructions he desires be given to the jury or to object to what he considers defective or improper charges. Thus, where the defendant herein failed to request a “Lyles” instruction or to object to the trial court’s failure to give such a charge, he has no standing to raise the question on appeal. Williams v. State, 285 So. 2d 13 (Fla.1973); Rayner v. State, 286 So. 2d 604 (Fla. 2nd D.C.A.1973); Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.390(d).

Furthermore, even if Roberts v. State, supra, does hold it mandatory for the trial court to sua sponte give a charge on the “Lyles” rule [a holding we clearly reject herein], that case would not be applicable in the instant case. Such a ruling, which would relieve a defendant from the requirements of Fla.App. Rule 6.7g and Fla.R. Crim.P. 3.390(d), would clearly be procedural in nature and would not be given retroactive effect. See: Morris v. State, 261 So. 2d 563 (Fla. 2nd D.C.A.1972). In fact, the opinion in Lyles v. United States, 103 U.S.App.D.C. 22, 254 F. 2d 725 (1957), as adopted by the Supreme Court of Florida in Roberts v. State, supra, shows on its face that it was to be given prospective treatment. Said opinion states, in part:

**

“ * * * Otherwise, whenever hereafter the defense of insanity is raised, the trial judge shall instruct * * [emphasis added]

The other point urged as error herein has been examined and found to be without merit. Spencer v. State, 133 So. 2d 729 (Fla.1961); Thomas v. State, 326 So. 2d 413 (Fla.1976).

Therefore, the verdicts, adjudications of guilt, and sentences be and they are hereby affirmed.

Affirmed.

Other
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

The appellant has filed a petition for rehearing in this matter, raising two grounds. First, he contends that Roberts v. State, 335 So. 2d 285 (Fla.1976) requires that it affirmatively appear from the record that an accused does not wish the instruction on the consequences of a not guilty by reason of insanity verdict be given to the jury, or the court must give such an instruction. Secondly, he contends that the Lyles ruling should not be given retroactive effect. A direct quote from Roberts v. State, supra, wherein the Supreme Court has quoted from Lyles v. United States, 103 U.S.App.D.C. 22, 254 F. 2d 725 (1957), is as follows:

******

“Sometimes a defendant may not want such an instruction given. If that appears affirmatively on the record, we would not regard failure to give it as grounds for reversal. Otherwise, whenever hereafter the defense of insanity is fairly raised the trial judge shall instruct the jury as to the legal meaning of a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity, in accordance with the view expressed in this opinion.”

* * * * * *

In Lyles, the trial court sua sponte charged the jury on the consequences of a verdict of not guilty by reason of insanity, to which the defendant alleged error. Af-firmance of that conviction resulted in the so-called Lyles Rule.

In Roberts, the Florida Supreme Court had before it an appeal from the trial court’s refusal to give such a charge. In adopting Lyles, the Supreme Court stated: “ * * * we reverse on the issue of refusal to give the requested instruction, * * In neither case did the courts hold failure to give an instruction on the consequences of a not guilty by reason of insanity plea to be fundamental error, so as to permit the raising of the question for the first time on appeal. In the instant case, said instruction was neither requested nor given. No objection was raised thereto in the trial court, nor was it originally assigned as error herein. Said error was raised by supplemental assignment of error, filed pursuant to order of this court.

It does not appear that this court should go beyond the holdings in Lyles v. United States, supra, and Roberts v. State, supra, and declare a failure to give a charge on the consequences of a not guilty plea by reason of insanity to be fundamental error, so as to obviate the necessity that a defendant properly raise and perserve error in the trial court.

As to the second point raised in the petition for rehearing, it would appear that on the basis set forth in this court’s original opinion that Roberts v. State, supra, should not be given retroactive effect, notwithstanding the holding to the contrary in Ringgo v. State, 339 So. 2d 293 (Fla. 2nd D.C.A. 1976). Here, again, a request was made for a Lyles charge and the appeal challenged the denial thereof.

Therefore, the petition for rehearing filed herein should be denied.

Denied.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Stanley v. State, 357 So. 2d 1031 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978)
    …he charge conference. For this reason, we agree with the state’s position that defendant has no standing to raise this on appeal. See Blatch v. State, 216 So. 2d 261 (Fla. 3d DCA 1968); Williams v. State, 285 So. 2d 13 (Fla.1973); Williams v. State, 346 So. 2d 554, 558 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977); Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.390(d); Florida Appellate Rule 6.7(g). In response to the state’s position, Stanley would have us declare the giving of the instruction to be fundamental error. Fundamental error which c…
  • Williams v. State, 366 So. 2d 817 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)
    …defendant supports this position with the proposition that changes in the law of procedure ordinarily will not be applied retrospectively to causes tried under a prior procedure. See Tucker v. State, 357 So. 2d 719 (Fla.1978), and Williams v. State, 346 So. 2d 554 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977). [*819] Generally, a decision of the Supreme Court of Florida is applied to any appeal then pending because such an appeal is decided upon the law as it stands at the time of the decision in the appeal. Wheeler v. State, 344 So. 2…
  • Maguire v. State, 350 So. 2d 349 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977)
    …f the recent decision of the Supreme Court of Florida in Roberts v. State, 335 So. 2d 285 (Fla.1976), adopting the so called “Lyles” rule. In this regard, we agree with the reasoning and rationale of the Third District in Williams v. State, La.App., 346 So. 2d 554, opinion filed February 8, 1977; but see, Ringgo v. State, 339 So. 2d 293 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976). Accordingly, the judgment and sentence are affirmed. AFFIRMED. MAGER, C. J., and ALDERMAN, J., concur. DAUKSCH, J., dissents, with opinion.…

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