RICHARD B. REED, SELMA REED, HIS WIFE, HANOVER INSURANCE COMPANY, APPELLANTS,
v.
WILLIAM SAMPSON, ELNORA GERMAN, RESERVE INSURANCE COMPANY, A FOREIGN CORPORATION, SEVENTH DAY ADVENTIST CHURCH, APPELLEES

Fla. 4th DCA | 1977-08-12
No. 76-1087
MAGER, J., and KOVACHEVICH, ELIZABETH A., Associate Judge, concur.
349 So. 2d 684 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1977) Positive Treatment
Cited by 17 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The court reversed a trial court's dismissal of a third-party complaint seeking contribution and indemnification from the Seventh Day Adventist Church, holding that the trial court improperly considered a release agreement outside the four corners of the complaint when testing the legal sufficiency of the pleading.


Holding

The trial court committed reversible error by considering the release agreement (outside the four corners of the complaint) when ruling on the motion to dismiss. A motion to dismiss tests only the legal sufficiency of allegations within the complaint itself, and courts cannot properly go beyond those allegations when determining sufficiency.


Headnotes

[1] A motion to dismiss a complaint tests the legal sufficiency of the facts alleged to state a cause of action.

[2] A court may not consider facts outside the four corners of the complaint when ruling on a motion to dismiss.

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“It is axiomatic that a court may not properly go beyond the four corners of the complaint in testing the legal sufficiency of the allegations set forth therein.”

Establishes the fundamental rule that a motion to dismiss can only test the sufficiency of allegations within the complaint itself.

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

James Sampson was fatally injured when struck by an automobile while crossing a highway during an outing sponsored by the Seventh Day Adventist Church…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
CROSS, Judge.

CROSS, Judge.

This is an appeal from a final judgment entered pursuant to an order dismissing with prejudice a third party complaint in an action seeking indemnification and contribution. We reverse.

The genesis of this action arose when William Sampson initiated suit to recover damages for the wrongful death of his son James, who was fatally injured when he was struck by an automobile while crossing a highway during an outing sponsored by the Seventh Day Adventist Church and held at the home of defendants, Richard and Thelma Reed. During the course of pleadings, the Reeds and the insurance company, Hanover, moved to join the Seventh Day Adventist Church as a party defendant. The motion was granted, and the complaint was subsequently amended, adding the church as a party defendant. Plaintiff then settled with the church for seven hundred fifty dollars, and a final judgment was entered for the church based upon a written release executed by plaintiff. The defendants Reeds and Hanover then moved for leave to file a third party complaint against the church seeking contribution from the church and its insurer. The motion was granted and eventually the Reeds and Hanover filed a third party complaint (second amended) against the church and its insurer. The third party complaint alleged that the church had a duty to supervise and had failed to supervise the children attending the activity at the Reeds’ home, and as a result, James Sampson was fatally injured. The church then moved to strike and to dismiss the third party complaint based upon a release earlier granted to the church by Sampson. The motion to dismiss was granted, and final judgment for the church was entered. This appeal by the defendants, Reed and Hanover, then followed.

The function of a motion to dismiss a complaint is to raise a question of law as to the sufficiency of the facts alleged to state a cause of action. It is axiomatic that a court may not properly go beyond the four corners of the complaint in testing the legal sufficiency of the allegations set forth therein. Geer v. Bennett, 237 So. 2d 311 (Fla.4th DCA 1970). Where a motion to dismiss a complaint rests on facts outside the scope of the allegations contained in the complaint, the trial court commits reversible error in dismissing the complaint based on those extraneous matters. Tiseo v. Arnold, 237 So. 2d 21 (Fla.2d DCA 1970).

In the instant case, the third party defendants moved to dismiss the third party complaint upon the grounds that the third party defendant had received a general release from the plaintiff which purported to relieve third party defendants of all future liability. This general release was attached to third party defendant’s motion to dismiss as exhibit “A”. Thus, the error. The trial court improperly went beyond the four corners of the complaint in testing the legal sufficiency of the complaint to state a cause of action.

Accordingly, the final judgment is vacated and set aside, and the order dismissing the third party complaint with prejudice is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to reinstate the third party complaint and for further proceedings.

Reversed and remanded, with directions.

MAGER, J., and KOVACHEVICH, ELIZABETH A., Associate Judge, concur.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • DeWITT v. Rollin W. Zimmerman, 366 So. 2d 46 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978)
    …s the trial judge is correct about his legal conclusion but we must reverse because it is improper to consider anything but the complaint itself when deciding a motion to dismiss the complaint for failure to state a cause of action. Reed v. Sampson, 349 So. 2d 684 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977). The order dismissing the DeWitt complaint is reversed and the trial court is affirmed as to all other points on appeal. REVERSED in part, AFFIRMED in part. BERANEK, J., and GREEN, OLIVER L., Associate Judge, concur.…
  • Stubbs v. Plantation Gen. Hosp. Ltd. P'ship, 988 So. 2d 683 (Fla. 4th DCA 2008)
    …roperly go beyond the four corners of the complaint in testing the legal sufficiency of the allegations set forth therein.” Hewett-Kier Constr. Inc. v. Lemuel Ramos and Assocs., Inc., 775 So. 2d 373, 375 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000) (quoting Reed v. Sampson, 349 So. 2d 684, 685 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977)). Here, the trial court went beyond the four corners of the complaint when it found that Rivera was a registered nurse who was exercising his nursing judgment at all times material, since Stubbs’ complaint alleged that Rive…
  • Hewett-Kier Constr., Inc. v. Lemuel Ramos & Assocs., Inc., 775 So. 2d 373 (Fla. 4th DCA 2000)
    …trial court erred by relying on the design contract in ruling on the motion to dismiss. “[A] court may not properly go beyond the four corners of the complaint in testing the legal sufficiency of the allegations set forth therein.” Reed v. Sampson, 349 So. 2d 684, 685 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977). In this vein, “[w]here a motion to dismiss a complaint rests on facts outside the scope of the allegations contained in the complaint, the trial court commits reversible error in dismissing the complaint based on those extr…

Previewing 3 of 9 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw