JAMES C. HARRIS, JR., APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.
James C. Harris, Jr. was convicted of third-degree robbery (without a weapon) after being charged with robbery with a weapon. On appeal, Harris challenged the limitation of peremptory challenges during jury selection and the imposition of a mandatory minimum sentence, with the appellate court finding the peremptory challenge limitation to be harmless error but reversing the mandatory minimum sentence as unsupported by law.
The limitation to six peremptory challenges was error but constituted harmless error because the defendant failed to demonstrate prejudice and was ultimately convicted of a lesser offense that would have entitled him to only six challenges originally. The mandatory minimum sentence was reversed because no case law or statute authorizes imposition of a mandatory minimum sentence for conviction of robbery without a weapon.
[1] A defendant charged with a felony punishable by life imprisonment is entitled to ten peremptory challenges during jury selection.
[2] An error in limiting peremptory challenges is harmless if the defendant does not allege or show that a particular juror would have been removed with additional challenges…
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Since appellant was charged with and tried for robbery with a weapon which is a felony punishable by life imprisonment he was entitled, to ten peremptory challenges.”
Establishes the standard number of peremptory challenges for felonies punishable by life imprisonment and identifies that Harris was improperly limited to six challenges.
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceHarris was charged by information with robbery with a weapon under Florida Statutes Section 812.13, a felony punishable by life imprisonment. After a …
The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.
Explore caselaw by topic → Browse Jury Selection cases and more on FLexlaw
BOARDMAN, Chief Judge.
Appellant/defendant, James C. Harris, Jr., was charged by information with robbery with a weapon. Section 812.13, Florida Statutes. After a jury trial he was found guilty of third-degree robbery (without the use of a weapon). Section 812.-13(2)(c), Florida Statutes. The trial judge sentenced appellant to a term of 15 years imprisonment to include a “minimum time of imprisonment provided in FSA 775.087, subsection 2.”1
Appellant has raised two meritorious points on this appeal. The first is whether it was error to limit appellant to six peremptory challenges during the jury selection for trial on a first-degree robbery charge which is punishable by life in prison. The second is whether the court erred by sentencing him to a mandatory three years.
Since appellant was charged with and tried for robbery with a weapon which is a felony punishable by life imprisonment he was entitled, to ten peremptory chal lenges. Bell v. State, 338 So. 2d 1328 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976); Section 812.13, Florida Statutes; Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.350. However, appellant has not alleged or shown, either at trial or on appeal, that there was a particular juror whom he would have removed by exercise of a seventh peremptory challenge. See, e. g., Young v. State, 234 So. 2d 341 (Fla.1970). Although it was error to limit appellant to six challenges, since no prejudice resulted it was harmless error. Additionally, he was found guilty of a lesser offense, and if he had been initially charged with it he would have been entitled only to six challenges. We see no reason why he ought to be in any better position now that he has been convicted of that lesser offense than he would have been had such lesser offense been the original charge.
There is no case law precedent which supports or statute which authorizes imposition of a mandatory minimum sentence for conviction of robbery without a weapon. The sentence is reversed, and the cause remanded for correction of the sentence.
The remaining point raised by appellant is without merit, and we affirm the ruling of the trial court denying the motion to suppress.
AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part; REMANDED for proceedings consistent with this opinion.
McNULTY, J., concurs.
GRIMES, J., concurs in part, dissents in part.
. The trial judge stated in the judgment that there was sufficient evidence to find that appellant committed the robbery with a weapon.
GRIMES, Judge,
dissenting in part.
In Bell v. State, 338 So. 2d 1328 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976), where the defendant had used all of the peremptory challenges which the court said he could have, we held that it was not necessary for him to seek to exercise an additional challenge in order to preserve the question of whether he should have been permitted a greater number of challenges. In Bell, as here, the defendant was entitled to ten rather than six peremptory challenges because he was charged with an offense for which he could receive a life sentence. Therefore, the sole difference between the cases is that Bell was convicted as charged, whereas the appellant was convicted only of a crime for which he could be sentenced to a maximum of fifteen years.
Since appellant was charged with a crime for which he could be imprisoned for life, he was entitled to use up to ten peremptory challenges in the course of selecting the jury which would try him. I cannot subscribe to the after-the-fact reasoning that the error was harmless because appellant was ultimately convicted of an offense which would have entitled him to only six challenges if he had been charged with it in the first place.
I respectfully dissent from that portion of the majority opinion which holds that limiting appellant to six peremptory challenges was harmless error. I concur with the balance of the opinion.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
Citator
Authorities Cited
- Young v. State, 234 So. 2d 341 (Fla. 1970)
- Bell v. State, 338 So. 2d 1328 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976)