ETHEL JORDAN, APPELLANT,
v.
BILL JORDAN, APPELLEE

Fla. | 1956-07-25
DREW, C. J., and THOMAS and ROBERTS, JJ., concur.
89 So. 2d 22 Florida Supreme Court (1956) Positive Treatment
Cited by 16 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Ethel Jordan appealed a summary decree denying her divorce claim against Bill Jordan based on an alleged common-law marriage. The Florida Supreme Court affirmed the lower court's finding that no common-law marriage existed, holding that Jordan failed to meet the burden of proving an actual and mutual agreement to marry, particularly given the relationship's illicit origins.


Holding

No valid common-law marriage was established. The fundamental element of common-law marriage is an actual, mutual agreement that must be consummated; when no witnesses exist, proof of cohabitation and general repute may support the agreement. However, Jordan bore the additional burden of showing a transition from concubinage to marriage, which she failed to establish. The absence of any significant change in the parties' relationship, documentation, or public recognition, combined with the relationship's illicit origins, precluded finding a common-law marriage.


Key Quotes

“The fundamental element of the common-law marriage is the agreement of the parties. This agreement must be actual and mutual, and must be consummated.”

States the core legal test for establishing a common-law marriage.

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Facts & Procedural History

Ethel and Bill Jordan entered into an illicit relationship in 1949 that continued intermittently for several years. Jordan worked as a disc jockey in …

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Opinion of the Court
PRUNTY, Associate Justice.

PRUNTY, Associate Justice.

This is an appeal from a final summary decree entered by-the lower court in favor of the defendant-appellee in a divorce action instituted by appellant.

The alleged wife’s complaint claims that the parties are husband and wife because of a common-law marriage, which it is alleged was consummated in July 1953. The wife charges her alleged common-law husband with extreme cruelty and seeks alimony and attorney’s fees.

The Chancellor correctly granted the defendant-husband’s motion to sever the issue of the existence or non-existence of the marriage relationship. A summary final decree was entered thereon finding that no common-law marriage existed.

The parties entered into a relationship in 1949 which was admittedly illicit or meretricious. This relationship continued for several years although there were several interruptions. One such interruption was caused by the marriage of appellant to a third party and her subsequent divorce from him.

The appellant, through most of the period of the acquaintanceship of the parties, worked as a “disc jockey” in the night club operated by the appellee. She used the name Ethel Davis.

The appellant contends that an agreement to enter into a common-law marriage was accomplished in July 1953. However, appellant admits no significant change in the relationship of the parties occurred; they simply continued as before. Appellant did not change her hank account, driver’s license, Social Security card or other documents to reflect the alleged marital status. The parties acquired no joint property. In 1953 she did not join in her alleged husband’s income tax return but allowed her mother to claim her as a dependent.

It further appears that appellant spent her own money on necessities before and after the alleged marriage. She was not generally publicly referred to or introduced as the wife of the appellee.

The parties apparently broke off all relations in May 1954, and the complaint was filed the August following.

The fundamental element of the common-law marriage is the agreement of the parties. This agreement must be actual and mutual, and must be consummated. Meister v. Moore, 96 U.S. 76, 24 L.Ed. 826.

When a marriage is alleged to have been consummated, but there are no witnesses to the claimed agreement, proof of cohabitation and general repute are frequently relied upon inferentially to establish the agreement. Le Blanc v. Yawn, 99 Fla. 328, 126 So. 789.

In the case at bar the appellant has an additional burden to carry of showing the transition, if any, from concubinage to marriage, since the relationship was conceived meretriciously. McClish v. Rankin, 153 Fla. 324, 329, 14 So. 2d 714; Gilbreath v. Lewis, 242 Ala. 510, 7 So. 2d 485.

Appellant failed to carry the burdens necessary to establish the common-law marriage relationship. In fact, the appellant even attempts to excuse her deficiency by contending that many people thought the parties were married prior to 1953 and if would therefore be embarrassing to announce a marriage at that late date.

We find the Chancellor was clearly within his bounds of reasonable latitude in determining that no genuine issues of fact were presented and that no common-law marriage existed.

No application for allowance of alimony or attorney’s fees could be properly considered until the existence of a marriage had been established. No marriage was established; therefore, no alimony or attorney’s fees could be considered.

The decree of the lower court appealed from must be and is hereby

Affirmed.

DREW, C. J., and THOMAS and ROBERTS, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • In re Est. of Ben Marden v. Gertrude Bacon, 355 So. 2d 121 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978)
    …were filed by the estate. The final judgment here on review is the result of the extended litigation on the controlling question of whether there was a valid common law marriage between Alma and Ben at the time of his death. . In Jordan v. Jordan, 89 So. 2d 22 (Fla.1956), the Supreme Court said “appellant has an additional burden to carry of showing the transition, if any, from concubinage to marriage, since the relationship was conceived meretriciously”. . Marshall v. Sarar, 118 So. 2d 258, 259 (Fla. 3d…
  • In re Est. of Louis Alcala v. Alcala, 188 So. 2d 903 (Fla. 2d DCA 1966)
    …e. In other words, proof of general repute and cohabitation as man and wife will support a presumption of marriage when the agreement is denied and cannot be proven by the best evidence. 18 R.C.L. 428 and 429.” See also: Jordan v. Jordan, Fla.1956, 89 So. 2d 22; Lambrose v. Topham, Fla.1951, 55 So. 2d 557; In Re Thompson’s Estate, 1940, 145 Fla. 42, 199 So. 352; Edge v. Rynearson, 1932, 107 Fla. 461, 145 So. 180; VII Wigmore, Evidence § 2083 (3rd ed. 1940); 35 Am.Jur., Marriage § 29 (1941). The dead man’s…
  • Marshall v. Sarar, 118 So. 2d 258 (Fla. 3d DCA 1960)
    …d a woman living together is meretricious in the beginning, it is presumed to continue until a changed relation is shown. See Gilbreath v. Lewis, 242 Ala. 510, 7 So. 2d 485; McClish v. Rankin, 153 Fla. 324, 14 So. 2d 714; Jordan v. Jordan, Fla.1956, 89 So. 2d 22; Van Derven v. Van Derven, Fla.App. 1958, 105 So. 2d 805. There is no testimony or other evidence in the record of any agreement between the parties to become man and wife. In fact, the testimony of the defendant is to the effect that there was no…

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