CLOVER INTERIOR SYSTEMS, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLANT,
v.
GENERAL DEVELOPMENT CORP., A FOREIGN CORPORATION, AND JOHN GOSSETT CONSTRUCTION CO., INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, APPELLEES
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Clover Interior Systems appealed a directed verdict in favor of General Development Corp., arguing that General made a direct and original promise to pay for Clover's prior work on construction projects. The court reversed, holding that Clover presented sufficient evidence to allow a jury to determine whether General's promise was direct (enforceable) or collateral (barred by the statute of frauds).
The court held that it was error to direct a verdict because Clover presented sufficient, competent evidence from which a jury could find that General made a direct and original promise to pay for work completed prior to September 21. The matter should be submitted to a jury for resolution rather than decided as a matter of law.
[1] A motion for directed verdict must be cautiously granted, with all inferences of fact considered strictly in favor of the nonmoving party.
[2] An oral agreement to pay a pre-existing debt is enforceable if it constitutes a direct and original promise by the promisor.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“a motion for directed verdict should be cautiously granted and that in considering such a motion all inferences of fact should be considered most strictly in favor of the nonmoving party”
Establishes the strict standard of review applicable to directed verdict motions
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceClover, a custom cabinet subcontractor, contracted with Gossett Construction to manufacture and install kitchen cabinets for houses being developed by…
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BOARDMAN, Chief Judge.
Appellant/plaintiff Clover Interior Systems, Inc. (Clover) seeks review of a final judgment entered pursuant to a directed verdict entered in favor of appellee/defend-ant General Development Corp. (General).
Appellant, a custom cabinet subcontractor, had contracted in the spring of 1974 with appellee/defendant John Gossett Construction Co. (Gossett), a general contractor, to manufacture and install custom kitchen cabinets in houses being constructed for General, a large developer of single-family houses. Gossett failed to pay Clover for labor performed and materials furnished during the months of July, August, and September, 1974, and Clover refused to continue work in mid-September. Clover alleged that Gossett owed it approximately $42,000 at that time for work it had completed. On September 21 Walter Puzio, director of operations for General, met with Joseph DeFalco, president of Clover, and paid him the sum of $14,493.97 for pre-Sep-tember 21 work. General subsequently made two additional payments to Clover for pre-September 21 labor and materials. General refused Clover’s demand for payment of the balance in the sum of $19,-901.37.
At the conclusion of appellant’s case General moved for a directed verdict. The motion was granted. The trial court found, among other things, that there was an oral agreement made on September 21, 1974 between Clover and General for payment of the prior existing debt of Gossett and that the promise was unenforceable under the statute of frauds. Section 725.01, Florida Statutes (1973).
On reviewing a directed verdict the appellate court is required to observe the well settled rule that a motion for directed verdict should be cautiously granted and that in considering such a motion all inferences of fact should be considered most strictly in favor of the nonmoving party. See 2 Fla.Jur. Appeals § 302 (1973). The single issue for our determination is whether there was competent, sufficient evidence introduced by appellant from which the jury could have found that the oral contract entered into between Clover and General was a direct and original promise of General to pay Clover for work completed prior to September 21 as appellant contends. If the agreement was a direct and original promise, it would not be controlled by the statute of frauds and would be enforceable if otherwise valid. Jim & Slim’s Tool Supply, Inc. v. Metro Communities Corp., 328 So. 2d 213 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976). If on the other hand the agreement was a collateral promise of General to pay Clover in the event that Gossett did not do so as appellee contends, it would be unenforceable as violative of the statute of frauds.
Upon review of the evidence presented we hold that it was error to direct a verdict in favor of appellee because appellant introduced sufficient, competent evidence upon which a jury could find in its favor on this issue. Of course, General may at trial be able to prove otherwise, but the matter should be submitted for jury resolution.
In the event that on remand a new trial is held, we point out that the trial court was correct in granting General’s motion in limine to exclude testimony from any party as to the reason for Gossett’s failure to pay Clover. The judgment appealed is reversed and the cause remanded to the trial court for further proceedings consistent herewith.
AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part; and REMANDED with directions.
HOBSON and RYDER, JJ., concur.
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Lake Placid Holding Co. v. Elissa Landi Paparone, 508 So. 2d 372 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987)…cord in a light most favorable to Paparone to determine if competent substantial evidence supports the findings that LPHC and Tobler defrauded and breached a fiduciary duty owed to her. See Clover Interior Systems, Inc. v. General Development Corp., 357 So. 2d 459, 460 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978). We are unable to distill that quality of evidence permitting a finding that the behavior of LPHC and Tobler justified the recovery of punitive damages. See Potashnick-Badgett Dredging, Inc. v. Whitfield, 269 So. 2d 36, 43 (F…
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State v. Young, 539 So. 2d 596 (Fla. 2d DCA 1989)…llate court is required to view the evidence and inferences of fact in the light most favorable to the nonmoving party. Charlotte Asphalt, Inc. v. Cape Cave Corp., 406 So. 2d 1234 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981); Clover Interior Systems, Inc. v. Gen. Dev. Corp., 357 So. 2d 459 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978). This court may affirm the directed verdict only if, as matter of law, no proper view of the evidence could sustain DOT’s position. Clark v. Better Constr. Co., 420 So. 2d 929 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982). See also, Moisan v. Frank K. Kriz,…
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Consol. Cap. Corp. v. Chernoff, 452 So. 2d 604 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984)…appellant to pay for services rendered by appellee to appellant's subsidiary corporation was a direct, not a collateral, obligation. See Sanders v. Hodges, 109 Fla. 391, 147 So. 571 (1933); Clover Interior Systems, Inc. v. General Development Corp., 357 So. 2d 459 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978); Troup Brothers, Inc. v. State of Florida, 135 So. 2d 755 (Fla. 2d DCA 1961). The amount of the judgment was for payment for services rendered by ap-pellee subsequent to appellant’s acquisition of stock in the subsidiary. In a p…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- JIM & Slim's Tool Supply, Inc. v. Metro Cmtys. Corp., 328 So. 2d 213 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976)