EDWARD BELL, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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The court held that trying a defendant for a capital offense under an information, rather than a grand jury indictment, is fundamental error and renders the trial void.
[1] A person cannot be tried for a capital offense without presentment or indictment by a grand jury.
[2] The requirement of indictment by a grand jury for capital offenses is controlling when a new death penalty statute becomes effective.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAppellant was arrested for first-degree murder before the Furman decision, but tried after Florida's new death penalty statute became effective. He wa…
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PER CURIAM.
On this appeal from the denial of his motion to vacate, set aside or correct sentence filed pursuant to Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.850, Edward Bell contends that the trial court committed fundamental error in trying him under an information for a capital offense. We agree and reverse.
On June 10, 1972, appellant was arrested for first degree murder, which was then a capital offense. On July 24, 1972, Florida’s statutory procedure for imposing the death penalty became unconstitutional by the decision of the Supreme Court of the United States in Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238, 92 S.Ct. 2726, 33 L.Ed.2d 346 (1972). On July 27, 1972, an information was filed against appellant charging him with first degree murder. On October 1, 1972, Florida’s new death penalty statute became effective. Appellant’s case was originally set for trial on October 23, 1972, but there was a lengthy delay while appellant’s competency to stand trial was being determined. Appellant was finally tried under the July 27,1972 information on January 17,1974 by a six-man jury; he was convicted as charged and sentenced to life imprisonment.
In abolishing Florida’s death penalty, the United States Supreme Court also, in effect, abolished the classification of capital crimes, which, by definition, are crimes punishable by death. State ex rel. Manucy v. Wadsworth, 293 So. 2d 345 (Fla.1974).
The offense with which appellant was charged was committed on June 10, 1972, prior to Furman, and he was tried in January 1974, 15 months after reinstatement of the death penalty in Florida. First degree murder was a capital offense both at the time when the crime was committed and at the time when appellant was tried, so appellant was subject to the death penalty. Miller v. State, 332 So. 2d 65 (Fla.1976).
In Miller the offense (first degree murder) was committed and the defendant was indicted prior to the Furman decision, but the defendant was not tried until after the new death penalty statute went into effect. He was convicted and sentenced to death. He contended on appeal that he was not subject to the death penalty because the penalty statute in effect at the time the offense was committed had been declared unconstitutional. The Florida Supreme Court disagreed, although it remanded for a new sentencing hearing due to the trial court’s failure to conform to the statutory procedures.
Article I, Section 15, Florida Constitution, provides in pertinent part: “No person shall be tried for capital crime without presentment or indictment by a grand jury . . .” While the filing of the information against appellant during the interim period (July 27, 1972) was proper when done because at that point there were no capital offenses, the requirement of Article I, Section 15, Florida Constitution was once again controlling sub judice as of the effective date of the new death penalty statute. Manucy, supra, and Lowe v. Stack, 326 So. 2d 1 (Fla.1974).
Manucy, supra, came before the Florida Supreme Court on a petition for writ of prohibition. The offense with which Manu-cy was charged was committed prior to Furman ; the information against him was filed after the new death penalty statute became effective. The court stated at 348:
“In Donaldson v. Sack [265 So. 2d 499 (Fla.1972) supra], decided in the aforementioned interim period on July 17, 1972 (prior to the denial of rehearing in Fur-man), this Court did not speculate as to the necessity of an indictment for capital offenses after the effective date of the new death statute.
“ ‘. . . Such matter of bifurcated trials is not of concern and of course is not applicable at this point “ ‘It therefore follows that until further legislation a grand jury can no longer indict for a “capital case” by that name because there is no “capital offense” for which they can do so.’
“The Court was obviously dealing with the procedure for commencing criminal actions during the interim period. Subsequent to the effective date of Fla.Stat. § 921.141, F.S.A. (1972) the definition of capital crimes was re-vitalized. The requirement of Fla.Const., Art. I, § 15, which commands that indictment in ‘capital cases’ shall only be by indictment by a grand jury, was once again controlling.” [footnotes omitted]
Although the information in Manucy was filed after, rather than during, the interim period, this factual distinction does not require a different result here. The supreme court’s reasoning mandates a requirement that if a defendant is to be tried for a capital offense, he must be charged by indictment, regardless of whether an information has previously been filed against him which was valid when filed.
We hold that appellant’s trial under the information was void. Lowe v. Stack, supra. Accordingly, the judgment and sentence must be reversed.
In view of our holding, we find it unnecessary to address the remaining points raised by appellant. The judgment and sentence are vacated and the cause remanded for further proceedings not inconsistent with this opinion.
HOBSON, Acting C. J., and OTT and DANAHY, JJ., concur.
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
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Bradley v. State, 374 So. 2d 1154 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)…rime” of first degree murder. Lowe v. Stack, 326 So. 2d 1 (Fla.1974); State ex rel. Manucy v. Wadsworth, 293 So. 2d 345 (Fla.1974); Hunter v. State, 358 So. 2d 557 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978), cert. denied, 365 So. 2d 712 (Fla.1978); see also Bell v. State, 360 So. 2d 6 (Fla.2d DCA 1978), cert. denied, 372 So. 2d 445 (Fla.1979). It is just as clear, contrary to the state’s contention, that the jurisdictional deficiency may be challenged, as here, by a Rule 3.850 motion, and need not be raised in a motion to dismiss…
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Howard v. State, 385 So. 2d 739 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)…tried before a six-person jury and convicted of murder in the second degree on May 30, 1973. Upon the rationale of Lowe v. Stack, supra, the trial of the defendant was void and his adjudication and sentence must be reversed. See also Bell v. State, 360 So. 2d 6 (Fla. 2d DCA 1978), cert. denied 372 So. 2d 445 (Fla.1979); Smith v. State, 315 So. 2d 224 (Fla. 1st DCA 1975). The trial of the defendant was void; however, for the purpose of tolling the applicable period of limitations1 with respect to second de…
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State v. Bell, 372 So. 2d 445 (Fla. 1979)…Appeal from District Court of Appeal, Second District; 360 So. 2d 6. The Court having accepted jurisdiction and heard argument, and upon further consideration of the matter, we have determined that the Court is without jurisdiction. Therefore, certiorari is denied. No Motion for Rehearing will be entertained by th…
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Furman v. Georgia, 408 U.S. 238 (U.S. 1972)
- Donaldson v. The Honorable Martin Sack, 265 So. 2d 499 (Fla. 1972)
- State of Fla. ex rel. Arthur Eugene Manucy v. The Honorable W. L. Wadsworth, 293 So. 2d 345 (Fla. 1974)
- Miller v. State, 332 So. 2d 65 (Fla. 1976)
- Lowe v. Stack, 326 So. 2d 1 (Fla. 1972)