AUTO SAFETY SERVICE, INC., AND CASUALTY RECIPROCAL EXCHANGE, APPELLANTS,
v.
JOHN MARTEIN AND SARAH MARTEIN, HIS WIFE, APPELLEES
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The court affirmed the award of compensatory damages for a dog bite injury but reversed the award of punitive damages, holding that there was insufficient evidence to support a finding of the required mental state (malice, wantonness, gross negligence, or utter disregard of law) under established Florida law.
The award of punitive damages must be reversed because there was insufficient evidence to support a finding of the required mental state. While the compensatory damages awards were generous but not shocking, the defendant's motion for directed verdict on punitive damages should have been granted.
[1] Punitive damages are allowable solely as punishment for a malicious or wanton state of mind with which the defendant violated the plaintiff's legal right.
[2] An award of punitive damages requires a reasonable basis, drawn from direct or circumstantial evidence, to infer wantonness, actual malice, deliberation, gross negligence…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Punitive or exemplary damages are allowable, however, solely as punishment or 'smart money' to be inflicted for the malicious or wanton state of mind with which the defendant violated plaintiff's legal right, and can only be imposed in cases where either by direct or circumstantial evidence some reasonable basis for an inference of wantonness, actual malice, deliberation, gross negligence, or utter disregard of law on defendant's part may be legitimately drawn by the jury trying the case.”
Establishes the legal standard for punitive damages in Florida, requiring proof of a specific mental state
Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceJohn Martein, a customer of Auto Safety Services, Inc., was injured when the defendant's watch dog jumped on and knocked him to the ground. The dog ha…
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MOORE, Judge.
This is an appeal from a final judgment in favor of the plaintiff who was a customer of Auto Safety Services, Inc. The plaintiff sustained injury when Auto Safety’s watch dog jumped on him knocking him to the ground. Plaintiff was awarded $42,000 as compensatory damages for his injuries and his wife was awarded $10,000 on her derivative claim. The plaintiff was also awarded $3,500 as punitive damages.
The only point on appeal which we consider to have merit concerns the propriety of the award of punitive damages. Appellant contends, and we agree, that its motion for directed verdict on the issue of punitive damages should have been granted because there was insufficient evidence to support such an award.
The general principles applicable to awards of punitive damages have constantly been reiterated and are not in dispute:
“Punitive or exemplary damages are allowable, however, solely as punishment or ‘smart money’ to be inflicted for the malicious or wanton state of mind with which the defendant violated plaintiff’s legal right, and can only be imposed in cases where either by direct or circumstantial evidence some reasonable basis for an inference of wantonness, actual malice, deliberation, gross negligence, or utter disregard of law on defendant’s part may be legitimately drawn by the jury trying the case.” Winn & Lovett Grocery Co. v. Archer, 126 Fla. 308, 171 So. 214, 222-223 (Fla.1936). See also, Buie v. Barnett First National Bank of Jacksonville, 266 So. 2d 657, 659 (Fla.1972).
In the instant case, the dog allegedly had been involved in two prior incidents. The dog’s owner was aware that the dog had previously bitten one person who drove into the owner’s premises seeking roadway instructions at a time when the premises were closed to the public. The testimony concerning the second incident is very ambiguous and it appears that the dog’s owner never learned of the incident. A review of the totality of the evidence fails to reveal any reasonable basis from which the jury could have inferred wantonness, actual malice, deliberation, gross negligence, or utter disregard of the law on the defendant’s part. Its motion for directed verdict on the issue of punitive damages therefore should have been granted.
Although we consider the jury’s award of damages to be generous, they are not such as to shock the judicial conscience and we may not substitute our judgment for that of the jury.
AFFIRMED in part; REVERSED in part.
DOWNEY, C. J., and RIVKIND, LEONARD, Associate Judge, concur.
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Citator
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A-T-O, Inc. v. Garcia, 374 So. 2d 533 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979)…hough not punishable as an offense against the state, or consists of aggravated misconduct or a lawless act resulting in injury to plaintiff when sought to be redressed by a civil action for the tort.” See also Auto Safety Service, Inc. v. Martein, 362 So. 2d 455 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978); McDonald v. Moore, 323 So. 2d 635 (Fla. 3d DCA 1975), and Hutchinson v. Lott, 110 [*537] So. 2d 442 (Fla. 1st DCA 1959).4 Able counsel for the Garcias has discussed every aspect of the negligence which a jury could have found at…
Authorities Cited
- Winn & Lovett Grocery Co. v. Archer, 126 Fla. 308 (Fla. 1936)
- Buie v. Barnett First Nat'l Bank OF Jacksonville, 266 So. 2d 657 (Fla. 1972)