PATRICIA ANN PEARSON, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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Patricia Ann Pearson was convicted of possession of hashish and attempted introduction of contraband into a penal institution and sentenced to a single term of probation. The Fourth District Court of Appeal affirmed the conviction but reversed the sentencing, holding that a single general term of probation cannot be imposed for two separate offenses.
The court affirmed the conviction but reversed the sentencing. The court held that a single general term of probation cannot be imposed for multiple offenses; instead, a defendant must receive a separate, specific probation term for each offense to run consecutively or concurrently. The court also held that the offense need not track the exact statutory language.
[1] A trial court does not err by denying a motion for judgment of acquittal when the statutory language used in the charge substantially tracks the statute.
[2] A single, general term of probation may not be imposed for two or more distinct offenses.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“A general sentence aggregates all of the defendant's individual crimes into a new whole. It is not possible to assume that the sentence term would have been the same even if one of the crimes had not been committed.”
Establishes the core problem with general sentences—they obscure what sentence was imposed for each individual crime.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligencePearson was found guilty of two offenses: possession of hashish and attempted unlawful introduction of contraband into a penal institution. The trial …
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ANSTEAD, Judge.
The appellant, Patricia Ann Pearson, was found guilty of possession of hashish and attempted unlawful introduction of contraband into a penal institution. The trial court placed her on probation for three years. Appellant claims error in the denial of her motion for judgment of acquittal and in the order placing her on one term of probation for both offenses.
We find no error in the trial court’s denial of her motion for judgment of acquittal made on the grounds that the offense of attempted introduction of contraband into a penal institution did not track the exact words of the statute. Leeman v. State, 357 So. 2d 703 (Fla.1978).
However, we conclude that it was error for the trial court to impose a single, general term of probation for two offenses. In Dorfman v. State, 351 So. 2d 954 (Fla.1977) it was held that a single general sentence may not be imposed for two or more crimes. The state claims that Dorfman should not apply since an order of probation is by definition not a sentence but rather contemplates the withholding of any sentence. Brown v. State, 302 So. 2d 430 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974). However, we believe this is a distinction without a difference, as virtually all of the same reasons for avoiding general sentences, as set out in Dorfman, supra, apply to general terms of probation:
A general sentence aggregates all of the defendant’s individual crimes into a new whole. It is not possible to assume that the sentence term would have been the same even if one of the crimes had not been committed. In this case, for example, the district court affirmed Dorfman’s general sentence because it fell within the maximum allowed by law for any one of the several counts on which he was convicted. We cannot know whether the trial judge intended this general sentence to be the equivalent of nine concurrent three year sentences, nine consecutive sentences which when added together aggregate three years, or a single sentence which he determined to be proper for the totality of crimes before him. It is virtually impossible to show that there has been any prejudice to Dorfman, particularly since he pled guilty to all nine counts. The evil of a general sentence, however, inheres in the uncertainty that its inscrutability creates, for if the trial judge had committed a reversible error as to any count for any reason, the entire sentence would have to be vacated. Then, on resentencing, a failure to reduce a new sentence for the affirmed conviction or convictions could raise complications comparable to those arising from the imposition of a more severe sentence when a defendant is convicted on retrial of the charges which underlay the reversed conviction. We conclude and now hold that general sentences are no longer proper and they may not be imposed by any trial court. (351 So. 2d at 956, 957)
Appellant was convicted of two separate offenses. The maximum term of probation is limited in each case. She is entitled to a set term of probation in each case to run consecutively or concurrently with the term set in the other case. That way there can be no question as to the appellant’s status at any given point in time.
Since we have concluded that the general order of probation was in error, such order is hereby reversed and remanded with directions for further proceedings in accord with this opinion.
DOWNEY, C. J., concurs.
CROSS, J., dissents with opinion.
CROSS, Judge,
dissenting:
I respectfully dissent only as to that part of the majority’s opinion that requires reversal.
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Citator
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Price v. State, 393 So. 2d 69 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)…convicted of two crimes and the order did not specify for which crime he was being placed on probation. The Supreme Court has held that general sentences are no longer permitted, Dorfman v. State, 351 So. 2d 954 (Fla.1977), and in Pearson v. State, 371 So. 2d 569 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979), the court held that the same reasoning applied to probation orders. We agree. [*70] The judgment of conviction is affirmed, but this cause is remanded to the trial court with directions to enter separate probation orders for eac…
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Cervantes v. State, 442 So. 2d 176 (Fla. 1983)…McDonald, justice. We accepted Cervantes v. State, 415 So. 2d 105 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982), for review because of conflict with Pearson v. State, 371 So. 2d 569 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979). We have jurisdiction pursuant to article V, section 3(b)(3), Florida Constitution, and quash Cervantes. Cervantes was tried without a jury and found guilty of two crimes. The court withheld adjudication of guilt. In a separate…
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McCRAE v. State, 400 So. 2d 175 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981)…e the “sentences” and remand for correction as provided in Villery. Any resentencing should avoid the prohibition of general sentences [*176] stated in Dorfman v. State, 351 So. 2d 954 (Fla.1977), and applied to probation orders in Pearson v. State, 371 So. 2d 569 (Fla. 4th DCA 1979). Of course, the defendant must be present at the resentencing. Fla.R. Crim.P. 3.180(a)(9). JUDGMENT AFFIRMED; SENTENCE VACATED AND CAUSE REMANDED FOR RESENTENCING. COBB and FRANK D. UPCHURCH, JJ., concur.…
Previewing 3 of 9 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Dorfman v. State, 351 So. 2d 954 (Fla. 1977)
- Leeman v. State, 357 So. 2d 703 (Fla. 1978)
- Brown v. State, 302 So. 2d 430 (Fla. 4th DCA 1974)