MURRELL STREETER, APPELLANT,
v.
THE STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1982-07-13
No. 81-1148
Before SCHWARTZ, DANIEL S. PEARSON and FERGUSON, JJ.
416 So. 2d 1203 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1982) Negative Treatment
Cited by 87 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Streeter was convicted of third-degree murder and attempted third-degree murder, with the trial court reclassifying these convictions to first and second-degree felonies under Florida's weapon-use enhancement statute without a jury finding that a weapon was used. The appellate court reversed and remanded for resentencing, holding that jury verdicts on separate weapon-possession counts cannot supply the missing weapon-use finding required to support the enhanced sentences.


Holding

A verdict on one count cannot supply a missing essential finding required for a separate count to support an enhanced judgment and sentence. The jury's guilty verdicts on Counts III and IV for weapon possession cannot substitute for the required jury finding that Streeter used, displayed, threatened, or attempted to use a weapon during the commission of the felonies charged in Counts I and II. Therefore, the enhanced sentences imposed under Section 775.087 were unsupported by the jury verdicts.


Headnotes

[1] A jury's determination that a defendant possessed a weapon during the commission of a felony does not supply a basis for reclassifying other felony convictions under a st…

[2] For a crime to be reclassified and a sentence enhanced due to the use of a weapon, the State must ensure that the verdict forms for any count susceptible to reclassificat…

Previewing 2 of 6 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Key Quotes

“It is axiomatic that a verdict which does not find everything that is necessary to enable the court to render judgment cannot support the judgment”

Establishes the fundamental principle that a verdict must contain all findings necessary to support the judgment and sentence imposed.

Previewing 1 of 3 key quotes on this case — the court’s exact language, pinpointed for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

Streeter was charged with second-degree murder and attempted second-degree murder. The jury convicted him of the lesser offenses of third-degree murde…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
DANIEL S. PEARSON, Judge.

DANIEL S. PEARSON, Judge.

Streeter, charged in Counts I and II with second-degree murder and attempted second-degree murder, was convicted on Count I of third-degree murder, on Count II of attempted third-degree murder, and on Counts III and IV of unlawfully and feloni-ously possessing a weapon during the commission of the felonies charged in Counts I and II. None of the alternative verdict forms provided to the jury on Counts I and II called for a response as to whether the crimes charged, or any lesser offenses, were committed with a weapon.

The jury was, however, instructed that “[t]he punishment provided by law for each individual crime charged in Counts I and II is greater if ... the Defendant, during the commission of the crime . .. attempts to use any weapons ...” and, more significantly, “should you find the Defendant guilty of the applicable crime it would be necessary for you to find on your verdict whether or not it has been proven beyond a reasonable doubt that the Defendant during the commission of the crime ... did . .. attempt to use any weapon . . .. ” The trial court obviously intended that the jury would itself write in the additional finding on the forms provided.1 The verdicts on Counts I and II did not indicate one way or the other whether during the commission of these felonies the defendant carried, displayed, used, threatened or attempted to use a weapon. Notwithstanding the absence of such a finding in these verdicts, the trial court, pursuant to Section 775.087, Florida Statutes (1979), respectively reclassified the convictions on Counts I and II to felonies of the first and second degrees and sentenced the defendant to concurrent sentences of thirty and fifteen years on these counts.2

Streeter’s sole contentions on appeal are that the reclassification provisions of Section 775.087 are inapplicable because the use of a weapon is an essential element of the offenses of third-degree and attempted third-degree murder; and, the constitutional counterpart, that where the use of a weapon is an essential element of the crime, an enhanced sentence arising from its use constitutes constitutionally prohibited double punishment for the same act.

We reject both contentions. See Pedrera v. State, 401 So. 2d 823 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981) (use of a firearm is not an essential element of third-degree murder as statutorily defined); State v. Hegstrom, 401 So. 2d 1343 (Fla.1981) (double jeopardy provision of the Fifth Amendment presents no substantive limitation on legislature’s power to prescribe multiple punishments).

Our rejection of these contentions does not, however, end our labor, since if the sentences imposed on Counts I and II are illegal because in excess of the maximum allowed, there exists fundamental error, Ex parte Bosso, 41 So. 2d 322 (Fla.1949); Robbins v. State, 413 So. 2d 840 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Gonzalez v. State, 392 So. 2d 334 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981); Williams v. State, 280 So. 2d 518 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973), which is subject to our review ex mero motu, Lewis v. State, 154 Fla. 825, 19 So. 2d 199 (1944), and which if patent on the record before us can be corrected on this appeal. Robbins v. State, supra; Gonzalez v. State, supra.

Under the pertinent provision of Section 775.087, a determination that during the commission of the felony the defendant carried, displayed, used, threatened or attempted to use any weapon or firearm is a predicate to reclassification. That de- termination, as the trial court recognized in its instruction to the jury, is one, even as the felony itself, which must be made by the jury beyond a reasonable doubt. In the present case the jury made no such determination in respect to Counts I and II. Thus, the question before us is whether the jury’s verdicts on Counts III and IV that Streeter possessed a weapon during the commission of the felonies charged in Counts I and II supplied the trial court with a basis to reclassify Counts I and II. We think not.

It is axiomatic that a verdict which does not find everything that is necessary to enable the court to render judgment cannot support the judgment, Perkins v. Mayo, 92 So. 2d 641 (Fla.1957); Harris v. State, 53 Fla. 37, 43 So. 311 (1907); Paulk v. State, 376 So. 2d 1213 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979).

Because each count or charge in an information or indictment is considered as if it were a separate information or indictment, Dunn v. United States, 284 U.S. 390, 52 S.Ct. 189, 76 L.Ed. 356 (1932), a verdict on one count is not flawed by being inconsistent with a verdict on another count.3 Harris v. Rivera,-U.S.-, 102 S.Ct. 460, 70 L.Ed.2d 530 (1981); Hamling v. United States, 418 U.S. 87, 94 S.Ct. 2887, 41 L.Ed.2d 590 (1974); Dunn v. United States, supra; McCloud v. State, 335 So. 2d 257 (Fla.1976); Goodwin v. State, 157 Fla. 751, 26 So. 2d 898 (1946); Courson v. State, 414 So. 2d 207 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982) (1982).

See Damon v. State, 397 So. 2d 1224 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981).

It follows that a verdict on any one count or charge, independent of the verdicts on any other count, must support the judgment and sentence of the court.

If the State seeks to have a defendant’s crime upwardly reclassified and his sentence thus enhanced because a weapon was used, it is incumbent upon it to see that the verdict forms pertaining to any count susceptible to reclassification under Section 775.087 contain the required additional finding that the defendant committed the crime in a manner prohibited by the reclassification statute.

We therefore vacate the concurrent sentences of thirty years and fifteen years imposed on Counts I and II, respectively, and remand for resentencing.4 The maximum sentences which may be imposed on these counts are, without the unjustified reclassification, fifteen and five years. Since it is obvious that it was the trial court’s sentencing intent that the defendant receive a thirty-year prison term, the trial court may impose the fifteen and five-year terms consecutively. Herring v. State, 411 So. 2d 966 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982). The defendant’s presence at resentencing is unnecessary.

Reversed and remanded for resentencing.

. The present case demonstrates that the better practice is for the trial court to give the jury a verdict form containing a written interrogatory as to whether the defendant did or did not carry, display, use, etc. a weapon.

. Section 775.087(1) provides in pertinent part that in the case of a conviction of a felony in the second degree [here third-degree murder, see § 782.04(4), Fla.Stat. (1979)], the felony can be reclassified to a felony of the first degree, punishable by thirty instead of fifteen years, see § 775.082(3)(b), Fla.Stat. (1979); and in the case of a conviction of a felony in the third degree [here attempted third-degree murder, see § 777.04(4), Fla.Stat. (1979)], the felony can be reclassified to a felony of the second degree, punishable by fifteen instead of five years, see § 775.082(3)(c), Fla.Stat. (1979).

. The only exception to the proposition that separate counts must be viewed independently is now found in the line of cases represented by Redondo v. State, 403 So. 2d 954 (Fla.1981); Mahaun v. State, 377 So. 2d 1158 (Fla.1979); and Wooten v. State, 404 So. 2d 1072 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981). The exception is, as is apparent from these cases, limited to instances where what the jury fails to find in one count vitiates a guilty verdict on a separate count to the benefit of the defendant, not an instance, as here, where what the jury finds on one count is used to supply a missing element of a separate count to the detriment of a defendant.

Moreover, this exception applies only where the verdicts are legally inconsistent. Here, the jury’s failure to find “attempt to use” a firearm during the commission of a felony, as instructed, in Counts I and II is not legally inconsistent with its finding of “possession” of a firearm during the commission of a felony in Counts III and IV. See Pitts v. State, 400 So. 2d 549 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981), review granted, (FIa.1982); McCray v. State, 397 So. 2d 1229 (Fla. 3d DCA), review granted, (Fla.1981).

. Had the jury found the defendant guilty of using a weapon in Counts I and II, then we would have been required to vacate the concurrent sentences imposed on Counts III and IV under State v. Monroe, 406 So. 2d 1115 (Fla.1981).


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By (44 total)

  • State v. Overfelt, 457 So. 2d 1385 (Fla. 1984)
    …involves a firearm or by answering a specific question of a special verdict form so indicating.” 434 So. 2d at 948. See also Hough v. State, 448 So. 2d 628 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984); Smith v. State, 445 So. 2d 1050 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); Streeter v. State, 416 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982); Bell v. State, 394 So. 2d 570 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981). But see Tindall v. State, 443 So. 2d 362 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983). The question of whether an accused actually possessed a firearm while committing a felony is a factual matter proper…
  • Bell v. State, 437 So. 2d 1057 (Fla. 1983)
    …can and should be applied in a single trial, multiple-count situation, since each count must be considered as if it were a separate indictment or information. Dunn v. United States, 284 U.S. 390, 52 S.Ct. 189, 76 L.Ed. 356 (1932); Streeter v. State, 416 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982). If two statutory offenses have the exact, same essential constituent elements, or when one statutory offense includes all of the elements of the other, those two offenses are constitutionally “the same offense” and a person cann…
  • Whitehead v. State, 446 So. 2d 194 (Fla. 4th DCA 1984)
    …to view the error as fundamental. In a later case involving the enhancement statute, Section 775.087, Florida Statutes (1981), the third district deter [*197] mined a similar error to be fundamental in the context of that statute. Streeter v. State, 416 So. 2d 1203 (Fla. 3d DCA 1982). The second and fifth districts on the other hand have determined such an error to be fundamental. In Lawson v. State, 400 So. 2d 1053, 1055 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981) the court, in holding the error to be fundamental, states that “[0]ne…

Previewing 3 of 44 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited (26 total)

View all 26 cited authorities →

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw