STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLANT,
v.
D.C.W., A CHILD, APPELLEE
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The State appealed the dismissal of a delinquency petition filed against a minor who was initially prosecuted as an adult for armed burglary but later transferred to juvenile court. The Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed, holding that the 45-day filing requirement for delinquency petitions does not commence until the accused is actually transferred to juvenile court, not from the date of initial custody.
The 45-day limitation period for filing a delinquency petition does not commence until the accused ceases to be prosecuted as an adult and is transferred to juvenile court. A defendant who successfully seeks and obtains transfer to juvenile court cannot use the delay in filing during the adult prosecution phase to escape prosecution entirely.
[1] The 45-day limitation for filing a petition alleging delinquency is not activated until an accused ceases to be prosecuted as an adult and is transferred to the juvenile…
[2] A juvenile initially charged as an adult for a serious crime should not be able to benefit from subsequent transfer to juvenile division to escape consequences by exploit…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“He or she who is initially legally charged as an adult should not be simultaneously able to keep the meter running as a juvenile”
Establishes the core principle that a defendant cannot enjoy dual benefits of adult and juvenile status simultaneously
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceA child was taken into custody and indicted by grand jury for armed burglary as an aider and abettor, making the child eligible for adult prosecution …
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LETTS, Chief Judge.
This appeal is brought by the state from an order granting a motion to dismiss because the petition alleging delinquency was not filed within 45 days from the date the child was first taken into custody.1 We agree with the state and reverse.
The instant child was originally taken into custody and indicted by a grand jury for burglary in the company of an armed unindicted co-defendant. Pursuant to Section 39.02(5)(c), Florida Statutes (1979), grand jury proceedings may be utilized to indict juveniles in adult court for crimes punishable by life imprisonment. This particular minor was allegedly an aider and abettor in an armed burglary and thus subject to a life sentence.
Subsequently the child filed a sworn motion to dismiss the “armed” portion of the charge which was duly granted, resulting in a reduction of the charge to mere second degree burglary. Thereafter the defense, continuing the chess game, filed a motion to have the case transferred to the juvenile division which was likewise granted. In a countermove the state immediately filed a petition for adjudication of delinquency whereupon the defense delivered the knock out blow and successfully moved to dismiss that petition because it had not been filed within 45 days after the child was first taken into custody. We are of the opinion that this final defense move should not have constituted checkmate.
The state legislature has seen fit to adopt a statute which permits juveniles to be tried as adults for more serious crimes. If in fact such serious charges are filed in good faith (and there is no suggestion otherwise in this case), it is inconceivable that the legislature envisaged the erring minor could get off scot-free if the charges later have to be reduced. He or she who is initially legally charged as an adult should not be simultaneously able to keep the meter running as a juvenile and we so held in our recent deci sion in Parr v. State, 415 So. 2d 1353 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982).2
In this case the criminal should be able to claim the protections afforded juveniles under the “speedy file” rule commencing at such time as that criminal is entitled to, or elects to, be treated as such. This particular child was clearly not entitled to all the protections afforded those of tender age prior to the order granting transfer to the juvenile division. Accordingly, we hold that in an instance such as this, the 45 day limitation is not activated until the accused ceases to be prosecuted as an adult and is transferred to the more charitable juvenile division.
While not on all fours, we recognize that this decision appears to be in conflict with State v. 408 So. 2d 1063 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), in which the First District held that the petition alleging delinquency must be filed within 45 days of a child being first taken into custody regardless of what else may transpire. Likewise our conclusion may conflict with T.R. v. State, 364 So. 2d 100 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978), also from the same court.
In thus disagreeing with the First District, we are far from scornful of these two holdings. Indeed, a literal interpretation of the 45 day statutory provision might appear to support our sister court’s conclusions. However, it does not comport with our version of common sense for a defendant to be able to seek treatment as a juvenile, obtain it and then take advantage of his or her successful invocation of the more charitable method of dispensing justice and subvert it altogether to escape the consequences of his or her conduct.3 To repeat Judge Schwartz’ by now famous quote, we will not countenance such “gotcha” manoeuvres.
REVERSED and REMANDED.
DOWNEY and HURLEY, JJ., concur. . Not raised by the defense is the intriguing question of whether an appeal is available in a situation such as this. See, State v. W.A.M., 412 So. 2d 49 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982). As a consequence we make no such determination here. Suffice it to say that we would accept jurisdiction in any event and if necessary treat the matter as a petition for certiorari.
. We regret this Parr case was not pointed out to us by notice of intention to rely. It certainly should have been.
. We note the Second District also appears to agree with us. See State v. Puckett, 384 So. 2d 660 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980).
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State v. C.C., 449 So. 2d 280 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983)…instance in which the [*282] supreme court has deliberately declined to do so.7 In this respect, I thoroughly agree with Judge Cowart’s dissenting view in State ex rel. Alton v. Conkling, 421 So. 2d 1108 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982). But cf. State v. D.C.W., 426 So. 2d 970, n. 1 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982) [7 FLW 1889]. Before SCHWARTZ, C.J., and HENDRY, BARKDULL, HUBBART, NESBITT, BAS-KIN, DANIEL S. PEARSON, FERGUSON and JORGENSON, JJ. . The decision in the primary case relied upon in W.A.M., Crownover v. Shannon, 170 So.…1 / 2
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D.C.W. v. State, 445 So. 2d 333 (Fla. 1984)…BOYD, Justice. This cause is before the Court on petition for review of the decision of the district court of appeal in State v. D.C.W., 426 So. 2d 970 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982). The district court’s decision is in conflict with the decision in State v. J.M.Z., 408 So. 2d 1063 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(3), Fla. Const. Petitioner was taken into custody on February 3, 1981.…
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McKINNON v. State, 547 So. 2d 1254 (Fla. 4th DCA 1989)…ion posed to her could have established the existence or nonexistence of any feeling for codefend-ant Scott or his child, I do not agree such burden sub judice fell solely upon the state. This court has condemned “gotcha” tactics. State v. D.C.W., 426 So. 2d 970 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982). Before Mrs. Burton was excused, the codefendants knew of the hugging incident, yet neither chose to question her about it. The failure to make a proper record is as much the defendants’ fault as it is the state’s. The defendants…
Previewing 3 of 4 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Floyd v. Fla. Farm Bureau Cas. Ins. Co., 412 So. 2d 49 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982)
- State v. W. A. M., 412 So. 2d 49 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982)
- T. R. v. State, 364 So. 2d 100 (Fla. 1st DCA 1978)
- Parr v. State, 415 So. 2d 1353 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982)
- State v. Puckett, 384 So. 2d 660 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980)
- State v. J. M. Z., 408 So. 2d 1063 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982)