NORTH AMERICAN PUBLICATIONS, INC., AND NEIGHBOR NEWSPAPER, PETITIONER, APPELLANT,
v.
DEPARTMENT OF REVENUE AND OFFICE OF THE COMPTROLLER, STATE OF FLORIDA, RESPONDENTS, APPELLEES

Fla. 1st DCA | 1983-07-15
Nos. AP-37, AQ-182
SMITH, LARRY G. and NIMMONS, JJ., concur.
436 So. 2d 954 Florida District Court of Appeal, First District (1983) Caution
Cited by 6 cases

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Holding

The court held that Rule 12A-1.08, Fla.Admin.Code, is a valid exercise of delegated legislative authority and that the denial of a sales tax exemption was not discriminatory.


Headnotes

[1] An administrative rule implementing a statute is presumed valid and will be upheld if it is a reasonable interpretation of the statute and not an unauthorized exercise of…

[2] A publication distributed free of charge does not qualify for a sales tax exemption afforded to newspapers if the governing rule requires the publication to be sold.

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Facts & Procedural History

Appellant publishes a free newspaper and sought a sales tax exemption for production materials. The exemption was denied because the publication did n…

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Opinion of the Court
JOANOS, Judge.

JOANOS, Judge.

These consolidated appeals involve two administrative orders, one a final order of the Division of Administrative Hearings determining that Rule 12A-1.08, Fla.Admin. Code, is valid, and the other a final order of the Office of the Comptroller denying a tax refund. Appellant raises the following issues:

(I) Whether Rule 12A-1.08, Fla.Admin. Code is an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority or an erroneous interpretation of Section 212.08(6), Fla. Stat., and the denial of appellant’s refund was erroneous as based on an invalid rule?

(II) Whether the discriminatory denial of a sales tax exemption violates appellant’s rights of equal protection and freedom of the press under the United States and Florida Constitutions?

Appellant publishes the “Neighbor,” a publication which is distributed free of charge in the metropolitan area of Tampa. Appellant sought an exemption from the sales tax imposed on items used in the production and distribution of the “Neighbor,” specifically paper, ink, and plastic bags. The exemption was denied because the “Neighbor” did not meet the criteria to be classified as a newspaper under Rule 12A-1.08, Fla.Admin.Code, which implements Section 212.08(6). Specifically, appellant did not meet the criteria set forth in Rule 12A-1.08(3)(d) and (4).1 Appellant therefore sought to have Rule 12A-1.08 de-dared invalid in a proceeding pursuant to Section 120.56, Florida Statutes. In a separate proceeding pursuant to Section 120.-57(1), Florida Statutes, appellant sought a refund of the tax, which was paid under protest. The outcome of those hearings was that the rule was determined to be a valid exercise of delegated legislative authority, and the refund was denied.

As to the first issue, we are not persuaded that the instant case is distinguishable from two previous cases which have reviewed the question of the validity of Rule 12A-1.08, in particular, subpara-graphs (3)(d) and (4) of that rule, and determined that the administrative construction of Section 212.08(6) found in Rule 12A-1.08 is not clearly erroneous or unauthorized. See Boca Raton Publishing Co. v. Department of Revenue, 413 So. 2d 106 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), and Department of Revenue v. Skop, 383 So. 2d 678 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980). Therefore we affirm on issue I upon the authority of those cases.

Regarding issue II, we disagree with appellant’s assertion in the statement of the issue that the denial of the tax exemption to appellant was discriminatory. Appellant relies heavily on the recent decision by the United States Supreme Court in Minneapolis Star and Tribune Co. v. Minnesota Commissioner of Revenue, -U.S.-, 103 S.Ct. 1365, 75 L.Ed.2d 295 (1983) contending that the situation determined in that case to violate the First Amendment, particularly insofar as the tax involved was found to single out a small group of newspapers, is indistinguishable from the present case. In the present case, in contrast to Minneapolis Star, appellant is subject to a sales tax which is widely applicable to businesses of all kinds as part of the general scheme of sales and use taxes prescribed in Chapter 212, Florida Statutes. In no way does the tax imposed in the present case resemble a penalty directed only at a few publications. The nondiscriminatory denial of a tax exemption does not infringe upon First Amendment activities, see Cammarano v. United States, 358 U.S. 498, 79 S.Ct. 524, 3 L.Ed.2d 462 (1959); Big Mama Rag, Inc. v. United States, 631 F. 2d 1030 (D.C.Cir.1980).

AFFIRMED.

SMITH, LARRY G. and NIMMONS, JJ., concur. . (3) In order to constitute a newspaper, the publication must contain at least the following elements:

(a) It must be published at stated short intervals (usually daily or weekly).

(b) It must not, when successive issues are put together, constitute a book.

(c) It must be intended for circulation among the general public.

(d) It must have been entered or qualified to be admitted and entered as second class mail matter at a post office in the county where published.

(e) It must contain matters of general interest and reports of current events. If the publication is devoted primarily to matter of specialized interests such as legal, mercantile, political, religious or sporting matters, and it contains in addition thereto general news of the day, information of current events and news of importance and of current interest to the general public, it is entitled to be classed as a newspaper. (4) To qualify for exemption as a newspaper, a publication must be sold and not given to the reader free of charge. So-called-newspapers which are given away for advertising and public relations purposes are taxable.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Campus Commc'ns, Inc. v. Dep't OF Revenue, 473 So. 2d 1290 (Fla. 1985)
    …e 12A-1.08. The district court rejected The Alligator’s argument that the rule is an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority, holding that it was bound to follow its decision in North American Publications, Inc. v. Department of Revenue, 436 So. 2d 954 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), review denied, 449 So. 2d 265 (Fla.1984), wherein the court had held the rule valid. However, the court noted that The Alligator was clearly a “newspaper” despite its failure to meet the criteria of the rule, and questioned whet…
  • Humhosco, Inc. v. Dep't of Health & Rehabilitative Servs., 476 So. 2d 258 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985)
    …1-242 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981). One challenging the facial validity of a rule construing a statute must show that the agency’s interpretation of the statute is clearly erroneous or unauthorized. North American Publications, Inc. v. Department of Revenue, 436 So. 2d 954, 955 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). The agency’s interpretation of the term “uniform methodology” is not clearly erroneous or unauthorized by the statutory language, and the rules in question have not been shown to be invalid for this reason. Appellant next…
  • Dep't OF Revenue v. Campus Commc'ns, Inc., 454 So. 2d 30 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984)
    …ls from a trial court order which found that Rule 12A-1.08(3)(d) and (4), Fla.Admin. Code, is an invalid exercise of delegated legislative authority. Based on this court’s recent holding in North American Publications, Inc. v. Department of Revenue, 436 So. 2d 954 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), rev. denied, 449 So. 2d 265 (Fla.1984), that Rule 12A-1.08(3)(d) and (4) is a valid exercise of delegated legislative authority, we reverse. While we feel bound to follow North American, we feel that the instant publication, T…

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