WILLIAM JOEL KEEL, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE
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William Keel was charged with attempted escape while lawfully confined. The trial court denied his motion to dismiss on the ground that attempted escape is a non-existent crime. The appellate court affirmed, holding that unlike grand theft, Florida's escape statute explicitly includes both escape and attempted escape as alternative criminal acts, making attempted escape a valid offense.
The court held that attempted escape is a valid criminal offense in Florida. Unlike the crime of grand theft, which by statutory definition includes the attempt, Florida's escape statute (Section 944.40) explicitly provides that a person who 'escapes or attempts to escape' is guilty of a second-degree felony, establishing attempted escape as a distinct criminal act.
[1] The crime of attempted escape exists as a distinct offense from the crime of escape.
[2] A statute defining a crime by encompassing both the completed act and the attempt does not allow for a separate charge of attempt to commit that crime.
Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“Section 812.014 states that 'a person is guilty of theft if he knowingly obtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or to use, the property of another ...,' i.e., the definition of theft includes the attempt. There is, however, no comparable definition of escape in Section 944.40.”
Establishes the key distinction between theft and escape statutes: theft's definition includes the attempt, but escape's does not.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceKeel was lawfully confined as a prisoner and was charged by information with attempting to escape from the custody of the Florida Department of Correc…
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JOANOS, Judge.
Appellant contends that the trial court erred in denying his motion to dismiss the information charging him with attempted escape because it is a non-existent crime. We have determined that appellant was properly charged in the information and that the crime of attempted escape does exist. Therefore we affirm.
The information charged that appellant, “being lawfully confined as a prisoner in a prison, jail, road camp, or other penal institution or while working on the public roads or being transported to or from a place of lawful confinement, did attempt to escape from the lawful custody of the Florida Department of Corrections .... ”
Appellant argues that the statutory crime of escape itself includes an attempt to escape, thus there can be no attempt to commit that crime. The authority cited by appellant in support of his position which presents a situation most similar to the present case is Sykes v. State, 397 So. 2d 991 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981). In Sykes, this court concluded that controlling precedent required a determination that the crime of attempted grand theft does not exist because the attempt itself is included within the statutory definition of grand theft. However, a comparison of the statute involved in Sykes, Section 812.014, Florida Statutes, and the statute involved in the present case, Section 944.40, Florida Statutes, shows that the rationale of Sykes does not apply in this case.1 Section 812.014 states that “a person is guilty of theft if he knowingly obtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or to use, the property of another ...,” i.e., the definition of theft includes the attempt. There is, however, no comparable definition of escape in Section 944.40. Section 944.40 states that an escape or attempt to escape, alternatively, constitutes a second degree felony. The statute does not provide that a person is guilty of “escape” if he either escapes or attempts to escape. Thus attempted escape may occur in fact, and when that happens it does not become the offense of escape itself “by legislative fiat,” as is apparently the situation in regard to attempted grand theft. See Sykes at 993.
The information in this case properly charged appellant with a crime pursuant to the statute. The denial of appellant’s motion to dismiss the information is AFFIRMED.
LARRY G. SMITH and NIMMONS, JJ., concur. . Section 812.014 provides:
(1) A person is guilty of thett if he knowingly obtains or uses, or endeavors to obtain or to use; the property of another with intent:
(a) To deprive the other person of a right to the property or a benefit therefrom.
(b) To appropriate the property to his own use or to the use of any person not entitled thereto.
Section 944.40 provides:
Any person confined in any prison, jail, road camp, or other penal institution, state, county, or municipal, working upon the public roads, or being transported to or from a place of confinement who escapes or attempts to escape from such confinement shall be guilty of a felony of the second degree ....
JOANOS, Judge.
Appellant has moved for rehearing or certification arguing that our distinguishing section 944.40, Florida Statutes, from the theft statute, section 812.014, Florida Statutes, involved in Sykes v. State, 397 So. 2d 991 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981) was incorrect. We adhere to our earlier opinion and deny the motion.
As support, appellant points to: Ervin v. State, 410 So. 2d 510 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981) in which the district court construed section 812.019, Florida Statutes, which pertains to dealing in stolen property; Hestor v. State, 363 So. 2d 26 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978), in which section 918.14, Florida Statutes, relating to tampering with evidence, was considered; and McAbee v. State, 391 So. 2d 373 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980) involving section 843.01, Florida Statutes, the statute involving resisting an officer with violence.
We agree with appellant that the language of the statutes involved in those cases is similar to the language of section 944.40, in which an attempt is described as a violation of the statute.
However, each of those cases, as well as the Sykes case, were concerned with a situation where the defendant was charged in the charging document with a violation of the statute in question, but found guilty of an “attempt” as a lesser included offense pursuant to an instruction on attempts. The courts determined that to be improper. We quibble not with the holdings in those cases.
However, the point raised in the appeal before us is whether a defendant may be charged in the information with attempted escape in violation of the statute. The statute, section 944.40, provides that attempted escape is a violation of the statute. The defendant was charged with an attempt to escape in violation of the statute.
The jury found him “... GUILTY of Attempted Escape as charged in the Information.” Judgment was entered adjudging him guilty of attempted escape in violation of section 944.-40. The cases cited as support by appellant all dealt with the general attempts statute, section 777.04, Florida Statutes, being engrafted upon a situation where the statute that the defendant was charged with violating included an attempt as a violation of the statute itself. That is simply not the question raised in this appeal.
Motion DENIED.
LARRY G. SMITH and NIMMONS, JJ., concur.
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Citator
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Morehead v. State, 556 So. 2d 523 (Fla. 5th DCA 1990)…fact that the State did not establish a completed escape and, indeed, the State pursued the charge on an attempted escape theory. The conviction under this count then can be sustained, if at all, only on an attempted escape basis. See Keel v. State, 438 So. 2d 850 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), cause dismissed, 443 So. 2d 979 (1983) (attempted escape is distinct crime under s. 944.40). In every attempt, there are three essential elements: (1) a specific intent to commit a particular crime (here escape from lawful conf…
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Carruthers v. State, 636 So. 2d 853 (Fla. 1st DCA 1994)…ering); § 812.-014, Fla.Stat. (1993) (theft); § 944.40, Fla. Stat. (1993) (escape). In such cases, a conviction for the principal substantive offense may be obtained based on a finding that the defendant attempted to commit the crime. Keel v. State, 438 So. 2d 850 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983). The statutory provision with which we are dealing in the instant case, however, contains no language which would lead us to the conclusion that an attempt or endeavor to commit the crime would constitute commission of that crime…
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Edwardo De Juan v. State, 249 So. 3d 681 (Fla. 1st DCA 2018)…fore correct to dismiss the rule 3.800(a) motion. Furthermore, even if Appellant was correct and he was guilty of only attempted escape, an attempt to escape from lawful confinement satisfies that element of the crime of escape. See Keel v. State, 438 So. 2d 850 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983); Fla. Std. Jury Instr. (Crim.) 27.1. Escape, whether attempted or completed, is a second degree felony under section 944.40, punishable by up to fifteen years in prison pursuant to section 775.082(3)(c), Florida Statutes (2010).…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- McABEE v. State, 391 So. 2d 373 (Fla. 2d DCA 1980)
- Hestor v. State, 363 So. 2d 26 (Fla. 4th DCA 1978)
- Ervin v. State, 410 So. 2d 510 (Fla. 2d DCA 1981)
- Sykes v. State, 397 So. 2d 991 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981)