LANDON ZUCKERMAN AND SAM HABER, PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS,
v.
APPELLATE DIVISION, SECOND DEPARTMENT, SUPREME COURT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK, DEFENDANT-APPELLEE

2d Cir. | 1970-01-29
Nos. 37, 38, Dockets 33385, 33386
421 F.2d 625 United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit (1970) Negative Treatment
Cited by 22 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

The Appellate Division, as part of the State of New York, is not a 'person' amenable to suit under 42 U.S.C. § 1983.


Facts & Procedural History

Appellants, attorneys disbarred and suspended, brought an action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 seeking to annul the disciplinary actions taken against them b…

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
HAYS, Circuit Judge:

HAYS, Circuit Judge:

This is an appeal from an order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of New York dismissing the complaint in an action in which jurisdiction was based upon 42 U.S.C. § 1983 (1964) and appellants alleged deprivation of constitutional rights and sought designation of a three judge court under 28 U.S.C. § 2281 (1964) to consider the constitutionality of Section 90 of the New York Judiciary Law (McKinney 1958). We affirm the action of the District Court.

On March 3, 1965, the Appellate Division, following an investigation into appellants’ negligence law practice, disbarred Landon Zuckerman and suspend ed Sam Haber from the practice of law for five years. (In the Matter of Zuckerman and Haber, 23 A.D.2d 825, 259 N.Y.S.2d 963 (2d Dep’t), motions for leave to appeal denied, 16 N.Y.2d 483 (1965).) Thereafter, on February 13, 1967, the United States Supreme Court granted appellants’ petition for a writ of certiorari, vacated the Appellate Division’s order and remanded the case for “reconsideration in light of Spevack v. Klein, 385 U.S. 511, 87 S.Ct. 625, [17 L.Ed.2d 574] (1967).” Zuckerman, et al. v. Greason, 386 U.S. 15, 87 S.Ct. 847, 17 L.Ed.2d 696 (1967).

Without further notice to appellants, the Appellate Division, on March 20, 1967, dismissed one of the charges against Zuckerman on the authority of Spevack v. Klein, supra, and reduced his penalty to a five-year suspension. All other charges were sustained. (27 A.D.2d 848, 280 N.Y.S.2d 904 (2d Dep’t 1967).) The New York Court of Appeals reversed, on the ground that appellants were denied due process in not being afforded an opportunity to be heard following the Supreme Court remand. (19 N.Y.2d 977, 978, 281 N.Y.S.2d 523, 228 N.E. 2d 693 (1967).) On July 10, 1967, the Appellate Division, after affording appellants a hearing, suspended Haber and Zuckerman from the practice of law for five years. (28 A.D.2d 907, 282 N.Y.S.2d 951 (2d Dep’t 1967).) This order was affirmed by the New York Court of Appeals (20 N.Y.2d 430, 285 N.Y.S.2d 1, 231 N.E. 2d 718 (1967)) and certiorari was denied by the United States Supreme Court (Zuckerman, et al. v. Greason, 390 U.S. 925, 88 S.Ct. 856, 19 L.Ed.2d 985 (1968)).

The appellants then brought this action (which they denominate a class action) asking for a judgment annulling the action taken against them by the defendant and declaring appellants “duly licensed to practice law in the State of New York.”

For a number of reasons there are grave doubts as to the jurisdiction of this court to proceed in such a ease under § 1983. See, e. g., Theard v. United States, 354 U.S. 278, 77 S.Ct. 1274, 1 L.Ed.2d 1342 (1957).

However it is unnecessary for us to go into these problems since it is quite clear that the Appellate Division is not a “person” within the meaning of 42 U.S.C. § 1983. In Monroe v. Pape, 365 U.S. 167 (1961), at 187-192, 81 S.Ct. 473, 5 L.Ed.2d 492, it was held that a municipal corporation was not a “person” within the intended meaning of that word in section 1983. Since a municipal corporation is but a political subdivision of a state, it has been held that the state itself is also not subject to suit under section 1983. Williford v. California, 352 F. 2d 474, 476 (9th Cir. 1965).1 It follows that the Appellate Division, as a part of the judicial arm of the State of New York, must also not be a “person” within the purview of the section of the Civil Rights Act.2

Affirmed.

. In Clark v. Washington, 366 F. 2d 678, 681 (9th Cir. 1966) it was held that a bar association is an agency of the state and therefore not a “person” within the meaning of Section 1983.

. In addition it has been held that 42 U.S.C. § 1983 does not affect the established common law rule that a judge is immune from a suit arising out of the exercise of his judicial powers. See Pierson v. Ray, 386 U.S. 547, 554, 87 S.Ct. 1213, 18 L.Ed.2d 288 (1967) ; Jobson v. Henne, 355 F. 2d 129, 133 (2d Cir. 1966) ; Serrano v. California, 361 F. 2d 474 (9th Cir. 1966) (per curiam).


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

Previewing 3 of 10 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited (12 total)

View all 12 cited authorities →

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw