FRANK FRATUS, APPELLANT,
v.
JESSE L. FRATUS, APPELLEE
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Frank Fratus appeals the trial court's denial of his motion to set aside a default judgment entered against him in a real property dispute with his uncle Jesse. The appellate court reversed, finding that Frank established both excusable neglect and a meritorious defense, and that Florida's policy favoring trials on the merits required the default be set aside.
The court held that Frank established both excusable neglect and a meritorious defense, and that the trial court abused its discretion in denying his motion to set aside the default judgment. Florida's policy favoring resolution of cases on the merits requires that default judgments be set aside when these elements are shown.
[1] A trial court abuses its discretion by denying a motion to set aside a default judgment when the moving party demonstrates excusable neglect and a meritorious defense.
[2] Excusable neglect may be found when a defendant, unfamiliar with legal processes and misled by the process server, misunderstands the nature of the documents served and d…
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“We think the trial court abused its discretion in this case by not setting aside the judgment and allowing the dispute to be litigated on the merits.”
Establishes the core holding that the trial court erred by denying the motion to vacate the default judgment.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceJesse Fratus sued Frank to rescind a deed transferring joint interest in Hernando County real estate, claiming Frank breached an agreement to support …
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SHARP, Judge.
Frank Fratus appeals from the trial court’s denial of his motion to set aside a final judgment entered after a default. Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.540(b). We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 4(b)(1), Fla. Const.; Fla.R.App.P. 9.130(a)(5). We think the trial court abused its discretion in this case by not setting aside the judgment and allowing the dispute to be litigated on the merits. See North Shore Hospital, Inc. v. Barber, 143 So. 2d 849, 853 (Fla.1962); American Agronomics Corporation v. Varner, 413 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982).
The record establishes that Frank had a meritorious defense to the suit, and appel-lee does not seriously challenge that. Jesse, Frank’s uncle, sought to rescind a deed executed by him which gave Frank a joint interest in some real estate located in Hernando County, Florida. Jesse claimed the consideration for the transfer was Frank’s agreement to support him for the rest of his life, which had been breached. Frank claimed there was no such agreement and that the transfer was an unconditional gift.
Appellee argues that Frank failed to establish in the record circumstances constituting excusable neglect and acting with due diligence to set aside the default. We disagree. Frank was served in Massachusetts, pursuant to the Long Arm Statute.1 His Massachusetts attorney had been corresponding with Jesse’s Florida attorney concerning the dispute and he requested correspondence with Frank be directed to him. However, he was not told a suit was filed against Frank.
Frank, a man of little business or legal experience, misunderstood the nature of the papers. He was told by the process server they were just “some papers for you.” He assumed they were more deeds Jesse was urging him to sign. He did not realize it was a summons until twenty-seven days later when he showed them to a different local attorney (recommended by his Massachusetts attorney) who was licensed to practice law in Florida. See American Agronomics Corporation.
Thereafter, Frank’s attorney acted diligently to set aside the default and final judgment. He filed an answer two days after being retained, and then filed motions to set aside the default and final judgment as soon as he learned of them. Jesse's attorney informed him by mail of the default on March 23rd. He then telephoned the clerk of the circuit court to obtain a copy of the judgment and moved to set it aside on April 2nd.
Further, we note that the default and final judgment, although lawfully obtained under the rules, were speedily pursued and achieved without any notice to Frank or his local Massachusetts attorney who had been in correspondence with Jesse’s attorney during this period of time. The default was entered twenty-one days after service; and the final judgment was entered only twenty-six days after service. This rush to the courthouse when dealing with an out-of-state resident served by the Long Arm process, appears to us somewhat unseemly. In any event, they are circumstances which play a part in finding excusable neglect and due diligence. See Florida Investment Enterprises, Inc. v. Kentucky Company, 160 So. 2d 733, 737 (Fla. 1st DCA 1964).
We think the record established the two necessary elements to set aside the final default judgment — excusable neglect and a meritorious defense. In view of the Florida courts’ policy favoring trials on the merits, we conclude the trial court erred in this case by not granting appellant’s motion to set aside the default and final judgment. See Reicheinbach v. Southeast Bank, N.A., 462 So. 2d 611 (Fla. 3rd DCA 1985); Wien v. Quayside Realty, Inc., 462 So. 2d 569 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985); Chase Federal Savings and Loan Association v. Sober, 455 So. 2d 1161 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984).
Accordingly, the judgment appealed is REVERSED.
FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., J., concurs.
COBB, C.J., dissents with opinion.
. § 48.193, Fla.Stat. (1983). This statute permits service of process outside this state by a person authorized in that state to serve local process, but it also requires that the officer’s affidavit "stating the time, manner and place of service" be filed with the court so that it can make a determination that service was properly made.
We cannot determine from the appendix filed in this case whether or not such an affidavit was properly filed and considered by the court prior to rendering its final judgment on March 14, 1984. A copy of an affidavit regarding time, place, date and manner of service was attached to Jesse's affidavit filed May 3, 1984 in opposition to Frank’s motion to vacate the judgment. But it bears no court filing stamp; it is not referred to in Jesse’s affidavit; and it fails to attach a copy of the summons and complaint it refers to as being attachments.
It appears to us that Jesse has the burden in this case to show that service of process was properly made, as a part of his defense of the final judgment. Since this burden was not carried, we would require that the record be supplemented, Florida Rule of Appellate Procedure 9.200(f)(2), or rule contrary to Jesse on this point were it not for the fact that Frank has not raised this issue, and in fact, he has conceded service of process was properly effected.
COBB, Chief Judge,
dissenting.
The question is whether the trial court is guilty of a gross abuse of discretion in determining that failure of a party to understand the necessity of a timely response to process served upon him, and failure to retain trial counsel until after default and final judgment, do not constitute excusable neglect. I cannot find the trial court herein guilty of such gross abuse. See North Shore Hospital, Inc. v. Barber, 143 So. 2d 849 (Fla.1962); B/G Amusements, Inc. v. Mystery Fun House, Inc., 381 So. 2d 318 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980); Cricket Club, Inc. v. Basso, 384 So. 2d 908 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); Schwab & Co., Inc. v. Breezy Bay, Inc., 360 So. 2d 117 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978); Claffey v. Serafina, 338 So. 2d 270 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976).
Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus
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Franklin v. Lizzie Franklin, 573 So. 2d 401 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991)…set aside the judgment under the rules relating to defaults and under Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.540(b)(1) generally is clearly present. See Jax Sani Serva System, Inc. v. Burkett, 509 So. 2d 1251, 1252 (Fla. 1st DCA 1987); Fratus v. Fratus, 467 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985); cf. West v. West, 534 So. 2d 893 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988); Canney v. Canney, 453 So. 2d 179 (Fla. 2d DCA 1984). Nor is there any question that there is a “meritorious defense” — the second prong of the default test — to the deprivati…
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Rhines v. Rhines, 483 So. 2d 4 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985)…uccessive services of process was found to have properly responded to the last service of process upon him. In the case at hand the husband failed to respond to the last service of process upon him. In contrast to the situations in Fratus v. Fratus, 467 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985), and American Agronomics Corp. v. Varner, 413 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982), cited in the dissenting opinion in this case, as well as in contrast to the facts of Savela v. Fisher, 464 So. 2d 240 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985), the husband’s…1 / 2
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Tire Kingdom, Inc. v. Bowman, 480 So. 2d 221 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985)…fault if the moving party establishes both that he has a legal excuse for failing to comply with the rules of procedure and that a meritorious defense exists. Kindle Trucking Co. v. Marmar Corp., 468 So. 2d 502 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985); Fratus v. Fratus, 467 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985); L.B.T. Corp. v. Camacho, 429 So. 2d 88 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983); TPM Constructors, Inc. v. Twin Coast Tile, 425 So. 2d 580 (Fla. 5th DCA 1983). The court is vested with broad discretionary power in determining whether the facts const…
Authorities Cited
- N. Shore Hosp., Inc. v. Barber, 143 So. 2d 849 (Fla. 1962)
- Fla. Inv. Enters., Inc. v. The Ky. Co., Inc., 160 So. 2d 733 (Fla. 1st DCA 1964)
- Schwab & Co., Inc. v. Breezy BAY, Inc., 360 So. 2d 117 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978)
- B/G Amusements, Inc. v. Mystery FUN House, Inc., 381 So. 2d 318 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980)
- Reicheinbach v. Se. Bank, N.A., 462 So. 2d 611 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)
- Matrascia v. State, 384 So. 2d 908 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)
- Claffey v. Serafino, 338 So. 2d 270 (Fla. 2d DCA 1976)
- Am. Agronomics Corp. v. Varner, 413 So. 2d 484 (Fla. 2d DCA 1982)
- Wien v. Quayside Realty, Inc., 462 So. 2d 569 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)
- Savings v. Sober, 455 So. 2d 1161 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)