SCHWAB & CO., INC., APPELLANT,
v.
BREEZY BAY, INC., APPELLEE
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The court held that the trial judge did not abuse discretion in denying Schwab's motion to set aside default and final judgment, and that Schwab's argument regarding lack of notice for the final judgment hearing was without merit.
[1] A trial court's determination of excusable neglect, mistake, or inadvertence under Rule 1.540(b) is reviewed for a gross abuse of discretion.
[2] Reliance on an insurer for a timely defense does not constitute excusable neglect sufficient to set aside a default.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceBreezy Bay sued Schwab, an insurance agent, for negligent failure to issue an endorsement validating a policy. Schwab failed to respond, a default was…
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PER CURIAM.
In these consolidated appeals, defendant-appellant, Schwab & Co., Inc., seeks review of two orders denying its motions to set aside default and final judgment and to dismiss the complaint in this action involving insurance coverage.
Plaintiff Breezy Bay, Inc. on July 9, 1976 filed a complaint against Great Northern Insurance Company and its agents, defendant Schwab and others. The complaint alleged the refusal of Great Northern to pay for loss of certain merchandise covered under its policy and the negligent failure of Schwab and the other defendants, as agents of Great Northern, to issue the endorsement that would have validated the policy as to loss of the subject merchandise. Service was perfected on Schwab and the other defendants. Schwab having failed to file any responsive pleading, Breezy Bay moved for a default which was granted on August 12. Breezy Bay then filed a motion for final judgment based upon the default along with an affidavit establishing damages in the amount of $17,850 and on August 24 final judgment was entered for Breezy Bay in that amount. Thereafter, on September 10 Schwab filed a motion to vacate default pursuant to Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.540(b), together with the affidavit of Frank T. Lazzaro and an answer. Mr. Laz-zaro alleged that he was an employee in the Ft. Lauderdale branch office of St. Paul Fire & Marine Insurance Company (Schwab’s insurer) at the time of the receipt of the file containing the suit papers and summons (forwarded by Schwab) on August 6, and the branch manager, Mr. Canig-lia was on vacation. Because the summons and complaint had been reduced to letter size in the file, Mr. Lazzaro thought there was nothing of an urgent nature and therefore it could wait until Mr. Caniglia’s return. Shortly after his return, Mr. Lazzaro on August 23 conferred with Mr. Caniglia about the file and discovered the summons and complaint to which an answer was due on August 2. Upon further investigation, they learned of the entry of the default. The file was then forwarded to local counsel who filed on behalf of Schwab the instant motion to vacate on the grounds of mistake, inadvertence, and excusable neglect. Schwab’s counsel also filed a motion to vacate the final judgment on the same grounds and a motion to dismiss the complaint. After hearing argument of counsel, the trial judge denied the motions to vacate default and final judgment. The trial judge also denied Schwab’s motion to dismiss the complaint. Schwab appeals these two denial orders.
Schwab first argues that the trial judge erred in not vacating the default. We cannot agree.
The precise circumstances constituting excusable neglect, mistake or inadvertence are not well defined and therefore the facts of each case are of singular importance in determining whether or not relief under Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.540(b) should be granted. Edwards v. City of Fort Walton Beach, 271 So. 2d 136 (Fla.1972); Florida Investment Enterprises, Inc. v. Kentucky Co., 160 So. 2d 733 (Fla. 1st DCA 1964). In addition, it is the duty of the trial court, not the appellate courts to make the determination of whether or not the facts constitute excusable neglect, mistake, or inadvertence sufficient to excuse compliance with the rules. Farish v. Lum's, Inc., 267 So. 2d 325 (Fla.1972). The discretion reposed in the trial judge by Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.540 is of the broadest scope and in order to reverse a judge’s ruling thereunder, there must be a showing of a gross abuse of discretion. Randle Eastern Ambulance Service, Inc. v. Vasta, 345 So. 2d 1084 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977); Chamberlin v. Mid-Century Insurance Company, 350 So. 2d 364 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977). After reviewing the record in the case at bar, we cannot say that the trial judge abused his discretion, grossly or otherwise in determining that Schwab’s misplaced reliance upon its insurer for its timely defense is not excusable neglect and thereupon denying Schwab’s motion to set aside default. Cf. Lawn v. Wasserman, 226 So. 2d 261 (Fla. 3d DCA 1969).
Schwab for its second point on appeal contends that the trial court’erred in not setting aside the final judgment because it did not receive notice of the hearing therefor pursuant to Fla.R.Civ.P. 1.440(c).
This contention is without merit because the above rule upon which Schwab relies did not become effective until January 1, 1977. See: In Re Florida Bar, Rules of Civil Procedure, 339 So. 2d 626 (Fla.1976). Previously, there was no notice requirement where as in the instant case, the defaulting party failed to file any responsive pleading. See: Stevenson v. Arnold, 250 So. 2d 270 (Fla.1971). Thus, this point must fail.
Last, we considered Schwab’s final point that the trial judge erred in denying its motion to dismiss the complaint and conclude that it lacks merit.
Affirmed.
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B. C. Builders Supply Co., Inc. v. Maldonado, 405 So. 2d 1345 (Fla. 3d DCA 1981)…Fort Walton Beach, 271 So. 2d 136 (Fla.1972); Cricket Club, Inc. v. Basso, 384 So. 2d 908 (Fla.3d DCA 1980) (oversight by agent responsible for signing and forwarding all summons and complaints not excusable); Schwab & Co., Inc. v. Breezy Bay, Inc., 360 So. 2d 117 (Fla.3d DCA 1978) (reduction of complaint and summons to letter size not grounds for excusable neglect). In this case, B. C. Builders acted promptly and diligently to set aside the default and attached to the motion affidavits sitting forth facts ex…1 / 2
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Robert M. Gibson et ux. v. Buice, 381 So. 2d 349 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980)…ng for the following reasons: (1) mistake, inadvertence, surprise or excusable neglect; . Generally, it is the duty of the trial court to determine whether the facts in each case constitute excusable neglect. Schwab & Co., Inc. v. Breezy Bay, Inc., 360 So. 2d 117 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978). Where the excusable neglect relied upon is lack of notice of the rendition of a final judgment and ensuing failure to take a timely appeal, trial courts have discretion to grant relief pursuant to [*351] Rule 1.540(b)1 or pursuan…
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T.I.E. Commc'ns, Inc. v. Toyota Motors Ctr., Inc., 391 So. 2d 697 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980)…ect and was not entitled to have the default set aside.2 The Cricket Club, Inc. v. Basso, 384 So. 2d 908 (Fla. 3d DCA 1980); B/G Amusements, Inc. v. Mystery Fun House, Inc., 381 So. 2d 318 (Fla. 5th DCA 1980); Schwab & Co., Inc. v. Breezy Bay, Inc., 360 So. 2d 117 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978). Moreover, an ore tenus motion made at trial is insufficient to vacate a default, Dade County v. Lambert, 334 So. 2d 844 (Fla. 3d DCA 1976), and unsupported and undocumented representations of counsel regarding the failure of his…
Previewing 3 of 51 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Farish v. Lum's, Inc., 267 So. 2d 325 (Fla. 1972)
- Fla. Inv. Enters., Inc. v. The Ky. Co., Inc., 160 So. 2d 733 (Fla. 1st DCA 1964)
- Kit C. Edwards v. City OF Fort Walton Beach, 271 So. 2d 136 (Fla. 1972)
- Stevenson v. Arnold, 250 So. 2d 270 (Fla. 1971)
- Lawn v. Wasserman, 226 So. 2d 261 (Fla. 3d DCA 1969)
- In re the Florida Bar, 339 So. 2d 626 (Fla. 1976)
- Randle E. Ambulance Serv., Inc. v. Vasta, 345 So. 2d 1084 (Fla. 3d DCA 1977)
- Belton Donald Chamberlin and Beth Morean v. Mid-Century Ins. Co., 350 So. 2d 364 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977)
- Carroll Oller v. State, 350 So. 2d 364 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977)