WILLIAM H. ROBBINSON, TRUSTEE, V. RANDOLPH DELK, TRUSTEE, AND WESTSIDE, INC., PETITIONERS,
v.
CENTRAL PROPERTIES, INC., A FLORIDA CORPORATION, RESPONDENT
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Central Properties held a right of first refusal to purchase Westside's water and sewer system. When Westside transferred the system to a newly created corporation (Westside Utilities) and the shareholders later attempted to sell the corporation's stock to a third party, Central Properties claimed its right of first refusal extended to the stock sale. The Florida Supreme Court held that the right of first refusal, based on its plain language referring only to the "water and sewer system," does not extend to sales of corporate stock absent express contractual language.
Central Properties' right of first refusal does not extend to Westside Utilities' capital stock. The contract provision refers only to the purchase of the water and sewer system, not to corporate stock, and absent express contractual language extending the right to stock transfers, the unambiguous language of the contract controls and limits the right to sales of the system itself.
[1] A right of first refusal to purchase a specific asset does not extend to the purchase of the corporate stock of a company that owns the asset, absent express contractual…
[2] The intention of parties to a contract governs its construction, and such intention is determined from the language used when it is unambiguous.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence“In construing contracts, the intention of the parties governs, and such intention will be determined from the language used when it is unambiguous.”
Establishes the controlling principle for contract interpretation—that unambiguous language determines intent.
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Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceIn 1977, Central Properties entered into an option contract with Westside, Inc. that included a right of first refusal to purchase Westside's water an…
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ALDERMAN, Justice.
We review the decision of the District Court of Appeal, First District, in Central Properties, Inc. v. Robbinson, 450 So. 2d 277 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984), which expressly and directly conflicts with Cruising World, Inc. v. Westermeyer, 351 So. 2d 371 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977), cert. denied, 361 So. 2d 836 (Fla.1978).
The issue presented is whether Central Properties’ “right of first refusal” to purchase Westside Utilities’ water and sewer system included the right to purchase Westside Utilities’ capital stock. The district court held, among other things, that any proposed sale or transfer of Westside Utilities’ capital stock should be construed as subject to the right of first refusal applicable to the sale of the system itself. We quash that portion of the decision of the district court and hold that Central Properties’ right of first refusal does not extend to Westside Utilities’ capital stock.
In August 1977, Central Properties, Inc., and petitioners William H. Robbinson, as trustee, V. Randolph Delk, as trustee, and Westside, Inc., a real estate development company, entered into an option contract whereby Central Properties could purchase sixty acres of land from Westside. This contract provided that Central Properties would have a “right of first refusal ... to purchase the water and sewer system on the remaining property of Optionor [West-side] under the terms and conditions being sold to any other party.” Central Properties exercised its option and purchased the sixty acres with both parties agreeing that the right of first refusal provision would survive the closing. Westside’s owners subsequently created another corporation, Westside Utilities, Inc., to operate the water and sewer system and transferred its ownership to this new corporation. The shareholders of both Westside and West-side Utilities were the same with the exception of one owner. The original right of first refusal between Westside and Central Properties also survived this transfer of the system and was binding on Westside Utilities.
One of the principal developments on Westside’s remaining property was a condominium known as Sand Cliffs, and it was the principal user of the water and sewer system. In 1981, the stockholders of West-side Utilities and the Sand Cliffs’ Owners Association discussed the transfer of this system to the association through the acquisition of Westside Utilities’ capital stock. Although the details of the stock purchase were not yet agreed upon, West-side Utilities sent a letter to Central Properties offering it the right to purchase the system under the same terms and conditions set forth in the association’s preliminary offer to purchase its stock. Central Properties sent a letter electing to exercise its right of first refusal. Westside Utilities then informed Central Properties in a final letter that the negotiations with the association had ceased, that the association had withdrawn its offer, and that Westside Utilities was accordingly withdrawing the offer of first refusal.
Central Properties brought suit seeking specific performance of the contract allegedly created by its acceptance of Westside Utilities’ offer in its first letter. The trial court denied specific performance, finding that no contract was formed by Central Properties’ acceptance of the offer because the agreement’s essential elements had remained open for further negotiation, and thus there was no meeting of the minds concerning the proposal. The trial court ruled, however, that Westside Utilities’ capital stock was not subject to the right of first refusal and could be purchased by the association without first offering it to Central Properties.
On appeal, the district court affirmed the trial court’s finding that no contract was formed, but reversed the lower court’s holding that the capital stock was not subject to the right of first refusal held by Central Properties. The district court stated that when the right of first refusal was given, the water and sewer system was owned by Westside, and therefore any sale or transfer of that system at that time could only be accomplished by a sale of the physical properties. The court found that because the system was transferred to a corporation created for the sole purpose of owning and operating the system, any attempt by this new corporation or its owners to sell that system by either a sale of its components or a transfer of all its capital stock should be construed as subject to the right of first refusal. Otherwise, the court reasoned, the purpose and intent of the right of first refusal originally given to Central Properties could be circumvented quite easily.
Petitioners contend that Westside Utilities’ capital stock is not subject to the right of first refusal because Central Properties bargained for the right to purchase the water and sewer plant only and not for the right to purchase Westside Utilities’ stock. As support, petitioners cite Cruising World, Inc. v. Westermeyer. In that case, the lessee held a right of first refusal to purchase leased property which was the major asset of the corporate lessor, Master Marine, Inc. When the shareholders of Master Marine entered into an option contract granting a third party the right to purchase all the stock of Master Marine, the lessee sought to exercise its purchase option with regard to the sale of stock. The Second District Court of Appeal held that the shares were the personal property of the stockholders and were freely trans ferable in absence of any agreement to the contrary. Examining the right of first refusal held by the lessee, the Second District concluded that the lessee could not purchase the lessor’s stock under its right of first refusal to the leased property because that right went directly to the land itself and did not extend to the sale of corporate lessor’s stock. Applying Cruising World to the present case, petitioners contend that in the absence of any express intention to extend the first purchase right to stock transfers, the right of first refusal should be limited to the sale of the system. We agree.
In construing contracts, the intention of the parties governs, and such intention will be determined from the language used when it is unambiguous. Bal Harbour Shops, Inc. v. Greenleaf & Crosby Co., Inc., 274 So. 2d 13 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973). In the present case, the contract provision only refers to the purchase of the water and sewer system. It does not refer in any way to the purchase of corporate stock, and, absent any contrary intent in the contract, the unambiguous language of the contract controls. Therefore, under its contract, Central Properties’ right of first refusal does not extend to the sale of West-side Utilities’ capital stock.
Respondent contends that even assuming that the contract refers only to Westside Utilities’ corporate asset, the district court properly refused to allow petitioners to use intercorporate transfers to frustrate and circumvent Central Properties’ preexisting right of first refusal. It also asserts that corporate fictions must be disregarded by courts when used for fraudulent purposes. We find no merit in this argument because the parties were free at the time of entering into the contract to extend the right of first purchase to stock sales and transfers which they did not do. The proper exercise of rights which have not been contracted away do not, in the present case, constitute a fraud or an illegal purpose.
Accordingly, we quash that portion of the decision of the district court that holds that the capital stock was subject to the right of first refusal and remand the case for further proceedings consistent with this opinion.
It is so ordered.
BOYD, C.J., and ADKINS, McDONALD, EHRLICH and SHAW, JJ., concur. OVERTON, J., dissents.
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de Vaux v. Westwood Baptist Church, 953 So. 2d 677 (Fla. 1st DCA 2007)…where it appears that the parties are continuing to negotiate as to essential terms of an agreement, there can be no meeting of the minds.” Central Props., Inc. v. Robbinson, 450 So. 2d 277, 280 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984), modified on other grounds, [*682] 468 So. 2d 986 (Fla.1985); accord Irby v. Mem’l Healthcare Group,- Inc., 901 So. 2d 305, 306 (Fla. 1st DCA 2005); Allen v. Berry, 765 So. 2d 121 (Fla. 5th DCA 2000); Drost v. Hill, 639 So. 2d 105 (Fla. 3d DCA 1994); 777 Flagler Co. v. Amerifirst Bank, 559 So. 2d 1…
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Jacksonville Port Auth. v. W.R. Johnson Enters., Inc., 624 So. 2d 313 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993)…harged, 137 So. 2d 568 (Fla.1962). Where the parties are continuing to negotiate as to these essential terms, there can be no meeting of the minds. Central Properties, Inc. v. William H. Robbinson, 450 So. 2d 277, 280 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984), modified, 468 So. 2d 986 (Fla.1985). In the instant case, while a general understanding may have existed in April of 1989 concerning appellees’ continued participation as to phase III of the project, clearly no enforceable contract existed. The scope of the work contemplat…
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Nickolas A. Theocles v. Spiros Lytras, 518 So. 2d 936 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987)…agreement. Central Properties, Inc. v. Robbinson, 450 So. 2d 277 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984) (“a meeting of the minds of the parties on all essential elements is a prerequisite to the existence of an enforceable contract”), quashed in part on other grounds, 468 So. 2d 986 (Fla.1985). Significantly, stock in the corporate entity had never been issued because there was still a dispute between the parties as to relative ownership interests. Further, there were no agreements or discussions regarding a [*937] closing date…
Previewing 3 of 19 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.
Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligenceAuthorities Cited
- Schwartz v. Zenia Schwartz, 450 So. 2d 277 (Fla. 3d DCA 1984)
- BAL Harbour Shops, Inc. v. Greenleaf & Crosby Co., Inc., 274 So. 2d 13 (Fla. 3d DCA 1973)
- Cruising World, Inc. v. Westermeyer, 351 So. 2d 371 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977)