VICTOR LEE HOWARD, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1985-05-23
No. 84-1344
COBB, C.J., and ORFINGER, J., concur.
469 So. 2d 216 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1985) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

Victor Howard appeals his sentence for battery on a law enforcement officer, challenging the trial court's departure from recommended sentencing guidelines based on classification as a habitual felony offender. The court held that Howard could not be classified as a habitual felony offender because he had only one out-of-state felony conviction, not the two required by statute.


Holding

Howard cannot be properly classified as a habitual felony offender because the statute requires either a prior felony conviction in Florida or two out-of-state felony convictions, and the state established only one out-of-state felony conviction. Therefore, the sentence departure was improper.


Headnotes

[1] Classification as an habitual felony offender constitutes a clear and convincing reason to deviate from a recommended sentence.

[2] To qualify as an habitual felony offender under Florida law, a defendant must have previously been convicted of a felony in this state.

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Key Quotes

“This court has held that classification as an habitual felony offender constitutes a clear and convincing reason to deviate from the recommended sentence under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.701.”

Establishes the legal standard for when sentence departures are justified in habitual offender cases

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Facts & Procedural History

Victor Howard was convicted of battery on a law enforcement officer. The trial court departed from the recommended sentence of community control or tw…

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Opinion of the Court
FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., Judge.

FRANK D. UPCHURCH, Jr., Judge.

Victor Howard appeals from a judgment and sentence for battery on a law enforcement officer contending that the trial court erred in sentencing him. The court departed from the recommended sentence of community control or twelve to thirty months incarceration and sentenced Howard to ten years imprisonment on the basis that he was an habitual felony offender. This court has held that classification as an habitual felony offender constitutes a clear and convincing reason to deviate from the recommended sentence under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.701. Smith v. State, 461 So. 2d 995 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984); Gann v. State, 459 So. 2d 1175 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). Thus the only question is whether the trial court correctly classified Howard as an habitual felony offender. Section 775.084, Florida Statutes (1983) governs habitual felony offenders and provides in part as follows:

(1) As used in this act:
(a) ‘Habitual felony offender’ means a defendant for whom the court may impose an extended term of imprisonment, as provided in this section, if it finds that:

1. The defendant has:

a. Previously been convicted of a felony in this state;

b. Twice previously been convicted of a misdemeanor of the first degree in this state or of another qualified offense for which the defendant was convicted after the defendant’s 18th birthday;

* * * * * *

(c) ‘Qualified offense’ means any offense in violation of a law of another state or of the United States that was punishable under the law of such state or the United States at the time of its commission by the defendant by death or imprisonment exceeding 1 year or that was equivalent in penalty to a misdemeanor of the first degree, (emphasis added)

Here, the state established one prior felony conviction for stealing in the state of Missouri. Since Howard was not convicted of a felony “in this state”, section 775.-084(l)(a)l.a. is inapplicable. Section 775.- 084(l)(a)l.b. is also inapplicable because it requires two out-of-state convictions. Marshall v. State, 468 So. 2d 255 (Fla. 2d DCA 1985); Coots v. State, 426 So. 2d 1304 (Fla. 2d DCA 1983); Dickinson v. State, 395 So. 2d 620 (Fla. 1st DCA 1981); Miles v. State, 374 So. 2d 1167 (Fla. 2d DCA 1979); Shead v. State, 367 So. 2d 264 (Fla. 3d DCA 1979). Since the state established only one felony conviction from out-of-state, Howard was not properly classified as an habitual felony offender. We affirm Howard’s conviction for battery on a law enforcement officer, but reverse the sentence and remand for resentencing to the recommended guideline sentence or to a departure sentence in accordance with the guidelines.

Judgment AFFIRMED, Sentence REVERSED and cause REMANDED for re-sentencing.

COBB, C.J., and ORFINGER, J., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Vicknair v. State, 483 So. 2d 896 (Fla. 5th DCA 1986)
    …s case. This court has previously held that a finding that a defendant is an habitual offender is sufficient reason to depart from the recommended guideline sentence. See Smith v. State, 461 So. 2d 995 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). See also Howard v. State, 469 So. 2d 216 (Fla. 5th DCA 1985); Gann v. State, 459 So. 2d 1175 (Fla. 5th DCA 1984). However, since these cases were decided, the supreme court in Hendrix v. State, 475 So. 2d 1218 (Fla.1985), has clearly disapproved of a sentence departing from the recommended…

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