IN RE ESTATE OF CLIFFORD P. KUSZMAUL, DECEASED

Fla. 4th DCA | 1986-06-25
No. 85-647
DOWNEY and DELL, JJ., concur.
491 So. 2d 287 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1986) Positive Treatment
Cited by 2 cases

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Synopsis

The court addressed whether a conformed copy of a will, found with an executed codicil, can overcome the presumption that an original will was destroyed by the testator with intent to revoke it. The court reversed the trial judge's denial of the petition for administration, holding that the facts presented competent and substantial evidence to rebut the presumption of revocation.


Holding

The presumption that a will in the testator's possession that cannot be located after death was destroyed with intent to revoke can be overcome by competent and substantial evidence. Here, the facts—particularly that the copy and codicil were carefully kept together, the codicil's express ratification of the will, the testator's letter confirming continuing intent, and the applicability of Florida statutes regarding republication—constitute such evidence, and the will should be admitted to probate.


Headnotes

[1] A presumption that a will was destroyed by the testator with intent to revoke it, arising from its inability to be located after being in the testator's possession, may b…

[2] The execution of a codicil that refers to a previous will republishes the will as modified by the codicil.

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Key Quotes

“presumption that a will which was in the possession of the testator prior to death and which cannot be located subsequent to death was destroyed by the testator with the intention of revoking it”

Establishes the governing presumption of revocation that applies when an original will cannot be found

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Facts & Procedural History

When testator Clifford P. Kuszmaul died, his original executed will could not be located despite thorough searching. A conformed copy of the will and …

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Opinion of the Court
LETTS, Judge.

LETTS, Judge.

The motion for rehearing is granted. The original opinion filed May 7, 1986, is withdrawn and we substitute the following:

This case involves the disposition of certain estate assets. The distribution hinges on whether a conformed copy of a will, found together with an original executed codicil, will suffice to uphold the provisions of that will and its codicil, despite the absence of the original executed last will and testament. The trial judge denied the petition for administration. Under the facts here presented, we disagree and reverse.

When the testator died, the interested parties fruitlessly searched for the original executed will, supposedly last seen in the decedent’s possession. There is a dispute over where the copy of that will and the codicil were first located. It is conceded, however, that shortly after the testator died, a conformed copy of the will and the original of the executed codicil thereto, were found together among the decedent’s personal possessions. The codicil stated in its concluding paragraph:

THIRD. I hereby ratify and confirm my said Last Will and Testament except insofar as any part thereof is modified by this Codicil.

We begin by reaffirming our conclusion in In the Estate of Parson, 416 So. 2d 513, 515 (Fla. 4th DCA 1982) that there is a “presumption that a will which was in the possession of the testator prior to death and which cannot be located subsequent to death was destroyed by the testator with the intention of revoking it.” We further continue to align ourselves with the proposition, also set forth in Parson, that “the presumption may only be overcome by competent and substantial evidence.” Id. at 515. Unlike the trial judge, however, we are of the opinion that the facts of the case now before us yield competent and substantial evidence to overcome the presumption.

The proponents of the view that the instant will was revoked point to another decision of this court with somewhat similar facts. See In re Estate of Baird, 343 So. 2d 41 (Fla. 4th DCA 1977). However, there are important distinctions. In Baird the discovered executed codicil was not, so far as we can determine, accompanied by a copy of the will, as it was in the matter now before us. Further, while Mr. Kusz-maul, like Mr. Baird, showed continuing affection for the beneficiaries under the will, the former also wrote a letter to one of the beneficiaries under the will, after its execution, stating that property devised in that will would “someday ... be yours.”

We are of the opinion that the instant cause is more closely allied to the facts in the New York decision of Will of Herbert, 89 Misc.2d 340, 391 N.Y.S.2d 351 (1977) where the court held that the presumption was overcome because a copy of the will and the original codicil “were carefully kept together among [the testator’s] personal possessions” and because it would be “unlikely that the testator intentionally revoked his will while retaining the codicil and a copy of the original will.” Id. at 352.

We would also point to two Florida statutes not considered in Baird. The first of these is section 732.5105, Florida Statutes (1983) wherein it is stated that “the execution of a codicil referring to a previous will has the effect of republishing the will as modified by the codicil.” True, that section does not set forth whether or not it is applicable if the executed original will cannot be found. However, the ensuing section 732.511, provides that even if a will has been revoked “it may be republished and made valid [by] ... the execution of a codicil republishing it with the formalities required by this law for the execution of wills.” The codicil before us now was executed with requisite formality.

In the sum of all that we have set forth above, we conclude that the presumption was overcome and the trial judge was in error. REVERSED AND REMANDED IN ACCORDANCE HEREWITH.

DOWNEY and DELL, JJ., concur.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Daul v. Goff, 754 So. 2d 847 (Fla. 2d DCA 2000)
    …custody, and it cannot be located after her death, a presumption arises that, in the absence of other evidence, she has destroyed it with the intention of revoking it. See In re Estate of Parker; 382 So. 2d 652 (Fla.1980); In re Estate of Kuszmaul, 491 So. 2d 287 (Fla. 4th DCA 1986). Where the presumption arises, as in this case, the proponent of the will has the burden of overcoming it. Goff was required to present competent substantial evidence that would justify a finding that the will had not been revok…

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