JORGE LOPEZ, APPELLANT,
v.
PUBLIC HEALTH TRUST OF DADE COUNTY, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1987-07-14
No. 86-2432
Before BARKDULL, HENDRY and NESBITT, JJ., BARKDULL and HENDRY, JJ., concur.
509 So. 2d 1286 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1987) Caution
Cited by 12 cases

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Synopsis

The estate of Nereida Lopez appeals a probate court's denial of homestead property protection for real property the decedent owned and occupied at death. The court reverses, holding that under the 1984 constitutional amendment expanding homestead protection to all natural persons (not just heads of household), the decedent's property qualified for homestead exemption regardless of whether her heirs were dependent upon her.


Holding

The property qualifies for homestead exemption because the decedent owned and resided on it at death. The dependence status of heirs is immaterial under the amended constitution, which extends homestead protection to all natural persons who own homestead property, not merely heads of household.


Headnotes

[1] A homestead owned by a natural person is exempt from forced sale for the benefit of the decedent's heirs, regardless of whether the decedent was the head of a household.

[2] The dependency of heirs upon a decedent at the time of death is immaterial to the homestead exemption under the current Florida Constitution.

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Key Quotes

“the amended section serves to exempt all homestead property from forced sale for the benefit of the decedent's heirs, regardless of whether the decedent was the head of a household prior to his or her death”

Establishes the scope of the 1984 amendment, broadening protection beyond household heads

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Facts & Procedural History

Nereida Lopez died on July 30, 1985, owing a substantial debt to the Public Health Trust. At death, she owned and resided on real property. Her person…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Nereida Lopez’s estate appeals from the probate court’s order denying its petition to have the decedent’s real property set aside as homestead property. We reverse.

The decedent died on July 30, 1985, owing a large debt to the Public Health Trust (Trust). At the time of her death, decedent owned and resided on the real property which is the subject of this case. Decedent’s personal representative filed a petition to have the property set aside as homestead property. The Trust opposed the petition. The personal representative alleged that the decedent’s three adult children had resided with her and that one of them was dependent upon her for support. After a hearing, the probate court determined that the decedent’s children were not dependent upon her at the time of her death. The trial court denied the petition, and the estate appeals.

Until recently article X, section 4 of the Florida Constitution provided only heads of households with protection from the forced sale of their homesteads to satisfy their debts. See Art. X, § 4, Fla. Const. (1983). In 1984, however, the electorate approved a constitutional amendment which provides protection for a homestead “owned by a natural person.”1 The amended section serves to exempt all homestead property from forced sale for the benefit of the decedent’s heirs, regardless of whether the decedent was the head of a household prior to his or her death. Art. X, § 4, Fla. Const. (1985). As such, whether the decedent had dependent heirs at the time of her death is immaterial under the new amendment. See Art. X, § 4(b), Fla. Const. (1985). Once it was established that the decedent owned and resided in the property at the time of her death, her estate was entitled to have the property set aside as homestead. Art. X, § 4(a)(1), Fla. Const. (1985). Consequently, the trial court’s order denying Lopez’s personal representative’s petition to set aside the property as homestead was erroneous. Accordingly, the order under review is reversed.

BARKDULL and HENDRY, JJ., concur. . Article X, section 4, Florida Constitution (1985), in pertinent part, reads:

(a) There shall be exempt from forced sale under process of any court, and no judgment, decree or execution shall be a lien thereon, ... the following property owned by a natural person:
(1) a homestead, ... upon which the exemption shall be limited to the residence of the owner or his family;

(b) These exemptions shall inure to the benefit of the surviving spouse or heirs of the owner. (Emphasis added.)

Dissent
NESBITT, Judge

NESBITT, Judge

(dissenting):

I respectfully dissent. The amendment to article X, section 4 of the Florida Constitution does not, and was not intended to, affect the underlying purpose of the homestead exemption laws. See Fla. HJR 40 (1983) (proposed); Ch. 83-40, § 4, Laws of Fla.; Fla. HJR 40, Committee on Judiciary, Staff Analysis, (February 8,1983); see also Wescott v. Wescott, 487 So. 2d 1099, 1101 (Fla. 5th DCA), review denied, 494 So. 2d 1154 (Fla.1986).

The purpose of homestead exemption is to protect a decedent owner’s dependent family from the forced sale of the homestead for the debts of the decedent. Tullis v. Tullis, 360 So. 2d 375 (Fla. 1978); In re Noble’s Estate, 73 So. 2d 873 (Fla.1954); Hospital Affiliates, Inc. v. McElroy, 393 So. 2d 25 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 402 So. 2d 611 (Fla.1981).

It is not intended to provide the decedent’s independent adult heirs with a windfall at the expense of the decedent’s creditors. See McElroy, 393 So. 2d at 28. The amendment to the section was designed merely to remedy anomalous situations where certain home owners, such as divorced spouses, did not qualify as heads of households. See Staff Analysis supra, at 1. Since the record establishes that Lopez has no surviving spouse or dependent children, I would affirm the probate court’s order denying the motion to set aside the property as homestead.


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Citator

Cited By

  • Pub. Health Tr. OF Dade Cnty. v. Lopez, 531 So. 2d 946 (Fla. 1988)
    …BARKETT, Justice. We review the conflicting decisions of Lopez v. Public Health Trust of Dade County, 509 So. 2d 1286 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987), and In re Estate of Taylor, 516 So. 2d 322 (Fla. 2d DCA 1987). In so doing, we answer in the affirmative the following question posed in Lopez: Whether article X, section 4 of the Constitution of Florida, as amended, serves to e…
    1 / 2
  • Bartelt v. Bartelt, 579 So. 2d 282 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991)
    …4(b) of the Florida Constitution provides that "[tjhese exemptions shall inure to the surviving spouse or heirs of the owner." This exemption dates back to the constitution of 1868. .Neither the supreme court nor this court in its opinion in Lopez, 509 So. 2d 1286 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987), indicated whether the decedent died testate or intestate. Although the language of the decisions would tend to indicate that Lopez died intestate, the Amicus Curiae points out that Lopez in fact had executed a will which was duly…
  • Walker v. Launa G. Mickler, 687 So. 2d 1328 (Fla. 1st DCA 1997)
    …ment. Once it was established that the decedent owned and resided in the property at the time of her death, her estate was entitled to have the property set aside as homestead. 531 So. 2d at 948, quoting Lopez v. Public Health Trust of Dade County, 509 So. 2d 1286-1287 (Fla. 3d DCA 1987). Although the supreme court did not define “heir” in Public Health Trust, it described the broad purpose of the exemption in protecting the homestead: This exemption is from liability for the debts of the ancestor, and it i…

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