DAYTONA LEISURE CORP., APPELLANT,
v.
THE CITY OF DAYTONA BEACH, FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 5th DCA | 1989-03-10
No. 89-378
DANIEL and GOSHORN, JJ., concur.
539 So. 2d 597 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fifth District (1989) Caution
Cited by 14 cases

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Synopsis

Daytona Leisure Corporation sought to enjoin the City of Daytona Beach from enforcing an emergency zoning ordinance that prohibited the sale of alcoholic beverages on its property, after the company had already made substantial financial commitments based on prior zoning verification. The court reversed the trial court's denial of injunctive relief, holding that the emergency ordinance was void because it substantially changed permitted uses and was enacted without the notice and hearing procedures required for zoning ordinances.


Holding

The emergency ordinance was void and unenforceable because it substantially changed the permitted use of Daytona Leisure's property and therefore could not be enacted as an emergency ordinance; emergency ordinances are statutorily prohibited from rezoning private property or substantially changing permitted use categories. Florida law requires zoning ordinances that substantially affect land use or rezone specific parcels to be enacted under the procedures governing zoning amendments, including notice and public hearing requirements.


Headnotes

[1] An emergency ordinance enacted in contravention of statutory notice requirements is invalid.

[2] An ordinance that prohibits the sale or dispensing of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, when such use was previously permitted, substantially changes t…

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Key Quotes

“Ordinance 89-31 does substantially change the permitted use of Daytona Leisure's property: it prohibits the sale or dispensing of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, which previously was permitted.”

Establishes that the ordinance constituted a substantial change in permitted uses and therefore could not be validly enacted as an emergency ordinance.

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Facts & Procedural History

Daytona Leisure executed a contract to purchase property on December 27, 1988, conditioned on proper zoning for serving alcoholic beverages. The city'…

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Opinion of the Court
COBB, Judge.

COBB, Judge.

The appellant, Daytona Leisure Corporation, seeks expedited appellate relief from the denial by the circuit court of its application for injunctive relief against the City of Daytona Beach from enforcement of an emergency zoning ordinance. Daytona Leisure planned to open an entertainment facility on a parcel of property located at the corner of Grandview and Glenview Avenue in Daytona Beach, Florida. A contract to purchase this property was executed on December 27, 1988, and was conditioned upon the zoning being proper to permit the serving of alcoholic beverages on the premises. The total purchase price was $375,-000.00.

In order to be sure that the current zoning would support the intended use, agents of Daytona Leisure contacted a city zoning official at the building department who gave assurances that the property in question was within the proper zoning. Prior to closing on February 2, 1989, Daytona Leisure received written verification on a liquor license application from the City’s zoning officer (one Paul McKitrick) on January 27,1989, that the property in question did comply with zoning requirements for the sale of alcoholic beverages. Altogether the various work contracted for, and the commitments undertaken, represented a gross investment by Daytona Leisure of some $800,000.00. This amount is not controverted by the City.

On January 12, 1989, Daytona Leisure submitted a building permit application to remodel a building located on the property. Three days later, it applied for a re-roofing permit which was granted by the City. On approximately January 20, 1989, an official of the City advised Daytona Leisure that an additional permit was needed in order to repair structural portions of the building. Because of this, the City halted construction on the property at that time. On January 27, 1989, Daytona Leisure received comments from the City in response to the January 12th application. The last paragraph stated that after, revised plans were submitted to show corrections, a building permit “may be obtained.” Daytona Leisure has subsequently submitted a revised application to the City with the requested corrections. On January 30, 1989 Daytona Leisure submitted a plan for the repair of the roof structure and was issued a separate building permit for that purpose.

On February 2, 1989, Daytona Leisure closed on the property. On February 8, 1989, the City passed “Emergency Ordinance” 89-31, which created a new zoning provision numbered 1.8.1 At the time the ordinance was passed, the only pending application for a building permit before the City was the application of Daytona Leisure. While a planning board had been discussing the possibility of such an ordinance since November of 1988, Daytona Leisure was not given any notice of the emergency ordinance nor any opportunity to make comments.

Daytona Leisure filed a complaint for a temporary and permanent injunction to prevent the City from applying Ordinance 89-31 to its property. A final hearing was held on February 17, 1989, and the Circuit Court entered a final judgment denying Daytona Leisure’s request for injunctive relief. That judgment has been appealed and afforded expeditious consideration.

Daytona Leisure contends that the emergency ordinance is legally defective and void because it is a zoning ordinance, and, as such, was enacted without providing notice and an opportunity to be heard as required under section 166.041(3)(c), Florida Statutes (1987).2 It also contends that equitable estoppel should apply against the City. The City, on the other hand, argues that Daytona Leisure did not rely in good faith upon any act or omission of the City in either purchasing the property or contracting improvements or licenses for it; that Daytona Leisure was on at least constructive notice of a pending zoning amendment prior to incurring its financial commitments; and that Ordinance 89-31 was validly enacted as an emergency ordinance because it did not rezone Daytona Leisure’s property or substantially change a permitted use category in the particular zone.

We find the procedural issue dispositive of this appeal. In regard to that issue, the City is patently wrong. Ordinance 89-31 does substantially change the permitted use of Daytona Leisure’s property: it prohibits the sale or dispensing of alcoholic beverages for consumption on the premises, which previously was permitted. It is sheer sophistry to say this is not a substantial change in a use previously permitted to the owner of property who is actively constructing an entertainment facility thereon to the tune of $800,000.00 or more. The City’s reliance on section 166.041(3)(b), which authorizes the adoption of emergency ordinances, is misplaced; that statute expressly provides that “no emergency ordinance shall be enacted which enacts or amends a land use plan or which rezones private real property.” See Baywood Construction, Inc. v. City of Cape Coral, 507 So. 2d 768, 769 (Fla. 2d DCA), review denied, 513 So. 2d 1060 (Fla.1987); City of Sanibel v. Buntrock, 409 So. 2d 1073 (Fla. 2d DCA), review denied, 417 So. 2d 328 (Fla.1982).

Florida follows the majority view whereby measures passed in contravention of notice requirements are invalid (null and void if not strictly enacted pursuant to the requirement of section 166.041). Ellison v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 183 So. 2d 193 (Fla.1966); Fountain v. City of Jacksonville, 447 So. 2d 353 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984); City of Gainesville v. G.N.V. Investments, 413 So. 2d 770 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982); Buntrock; Malley v. Clay County Zoning Commission, 225 So. 2d 555 (Fla. 1st DCA 1969). Where an ordinance substantially affects land use (substantially changes permitted use categories) or rezones specific parcels of private real property, it must be enacted under the procedures that govern zoning and rezoning, i.e., section 166.-041(3)(c). Baywood Construction.

Given our determination of the procedural issue, we need not address the estoppel issue. We note, however, that prior to passage of the invalid emergency ordinance, substantial expenditures and obligations were incurred by Daytona Leisure. See Hollywood Beach Hotel Co. v. City of Hollywood, 329 So. 2d 10 (Fla.1976); Sakolsky v. City of Coral Gables, 151 So. 2d 433 (Fla.1963); The Florida Companies v. Orange County, Florida, 411 So. 2d 1008, 1010 (Fla. 5th DCA 1982); Town of Largo v. Imperial Homes Corp., 309 So. 2d 571 (Fla. 2d DCA 1975).

Accordingly, we reverse the trial court’s final judgment and remand with directions to the trial court to issue the injunction. No motion for rehearing will be entertained and the mandate shall issue forthwith.

DANIEL and GOSHORN, JJ., concur. . 1.8 Restaurants and Cocktail Lounges

All businesses including restaurants and cocktail lounges which sell and dispense alcoholic beverages for consumption by patrons on the premises from which they are sold or dispensed are prohibited within 200 feet of any property that is zoned residential except such property which is zoned RP (Residential Professional District). The two hundred foot separation shall be measured from the nearest point of the property line of the business use to the nearest point of the property line of the residentially zoned property.

. Under this section, ordinances which rezone specific parcels of private real property or which substantially change the permitted use categories in zoning districts must be enacted with specific procedures. Where the proposed rezoning or change in permitted use involves less than 5% of the total land area of the municipality, notice to affected property owners and one public hearing are required. In cases in which the proposed ordinance deals with more than 5% of the total land area of the municipality, stricter procedures must be followed.


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Cited By

  • …in establishments which served alcohol. The first district concluded that it did' not affect the owner’s use of the land and so was properly adopted without the formalities required for a land-use ordinance. Daytona Leisure Corp. v. Daytona Beach, 539 So. 2d 597 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989), involved a classic zoning ordinance which prohibited the sale of alcohol in designated areas. The fifth district concluded that the failure to properly notice the ordinance prior to adoption rendered it unenforceable. Ordinance…
    1 / 2
  • T.J.R. Holding Co., Inc. v. Alachua Cnty., 617 So. 2d 798 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993)
    …t to legislate as a zoning body without actually calling the process “zoning.” As examples supporting this argument, Cafe Risque cites Ellison v. City of Fort Lauderdale, 183 So. 2d 193 (Fla.1966), and Daytona Leisure Corp. v. City of Daytona Beach, 539 So. 2d 597 (Fla. 5th DCA 1989), and argues that, like Ellison and Daytona Leisure Corp., the County in this case enacted a zoning ordinance and was therefore required to comply with the notice and hearing requirements of subsection 125.-66(6). Again, this arg…
  • Mohan Bhoola v. City OF ST. Augustine Beach, 588 So. 2d 666 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991)

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