CARLOS SANCHEZ, PETITIONER,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, RESPONDENT

Fla. | 1989-03-23
No. 72389
EHRLICH, C.J., and OVERTON, SHAW, GRIMES and KOGAN, JJ., concur., BARKETT, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with an opinion.
541 So. 2d 1140 Florida Supreme Court (1989) Caution
Cited by 25 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

The Florida Supreme Court resolved a conflict between district courts on whether trial courts may vacate an adjudication of guilt imposed with probation after the initial sentencing. The Court held that trial courts may vacate or withhold adjudication within 60 days of sentencing under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(b), but not thereafter.


Holding

Trial courts may, in their discretion, vacate an adjudication of guilt or reduce it to a withholding of adjudication when considering a motion to reduce or modify sentence under Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(b), but any such motion must be filed within 60 days of imposition of sentence. Sanchez was properly denied relief because his motion was filed more than 60 days after sentencing.


Headnotes

[1] A trial court may, within sixty days of imposition, reduce or modify a legal sentence, including the adjudication of guilt, pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure…

[2] The decision to adjudicate a defendant guilty or to withhold adjudication of guilt when imposing probation is within the trial court's discretion.

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Key Quotes

“A court may reduce or modify to include any of the provisions of chapter 948, Florida Statutes, a legal sentence imposed by it within sixty days after such imposition.”

Rule 3.800(b) language establishing the 60-day window for modification of sentences, which the Court interpreted to permit vacating adjudication within that timeframe

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Facts & Procedural History

Sanchez entered a guilty plea and was adjudicated guilty of trafficking in cannabis with a three-year probation sentence. Two years later, Sanchez mov…

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Opinion of the Court
McDonald, justice.

McDonald, justice.

We review Sanchez v. State, 524 So. 2d 704 (Fla. 4th DCA 1988), because of conflict with Thompson v. State, 485 So. 2d 42 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986), on “whether an adjudication of guilt, imposed in conjunction with a probation sentence, may be vacated after 60 days incident to the authority of the sentencing court regarding the probation supervision.” 524 So. 2d at 704. We have jurisdiction pursuant to article V, section 3(b)(4), Florida Constitution. As explained below, we approve Thompson’s holding that an adjudication of guilt may, in the trial court’s discretion, be removed within sixty days of imposition pursuant to Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.800(b), but not thereafter and thus deny relief to Sanchez.

After Sanchez entered a guilty plea, the trial court adjudicated him guilty of trafficking in cannabis and placed him on three years’ probation. Two years later Sanchez moved to mitigate the term of probation and to vacate the adjudication. The trial judge granted early termination of the probation but, believing he had no authority to do so, refused to vacate the adjudication.

The fourth district, relying on State v. Beardsley, 464 So. 2d 188 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985), affirmed the trial court’s order and certified conflict with Thompson. In Beardsley the district court reversed the withdrawal of Beardsley’s adjudication of guilt because it found no authority for the trial court’s action.1 The first district in Thompson, on the other hand, reached the opposite result from Beardsley and Sanchez, finding support for its holding in rule 3.800(b) and sections 948.01 and 921.187, Florida Statutes (1985).

Rule 3.800(b) provides in pertinent part: “A court may reduce or modify to include any of the provisions of chapter 948, Florida Statutes, a legal sentence imposed by it within sixty days after such imposition.” Pursuant to subsection 948.01(3), a court may put a defendant on probation and, “in its discretion, may either adjudge the defendant to be guilty or stay and withhold the adjudication of guilt.” Finally, section 921.1872 provides: “(1) The following alternatives for the disposition of criminal cases shall be used.... (a) Place an offender on probation with or without an adjudication of guilt pursuant to s. 948.01.”

The purpose behind allowing a court to withhold adjudication of guilt is similar to that behind probation itself, i.e., the hope that a defendant can be rehabilitated. See Holland v. Florida Real Estate Commission, 352 So. 2d 914 (Fla. 2d DCA 1977); Pickman v. State, 155 So. 2d 646 (Fla. 3d DCA 1963), cert. denied, 164 So. 2d 805 (Fla.1964). Withholding adjudication can be a powerful tool because, by withholding adjudication of guilt, the court can avoid creating a criminal record for someone with good prospects for rehabilitation. Holland. Imposing or withholding adjudication of guilt in conjunction with probation is discretionary with a trial court. Rule 3.800(b) imposes a time limit on the reduction or modification of sentences; it does not say that withdrawing adjudication is not possible. Given the nature and purpose of probation, we see no reason why a court should not be able, in its discretion, to reconsider whether adjudication of guilt should be withheld or imposed. Pursuant to rule 3.800(b), however, any such motion for withdrawal of adjudication must be made within the rule’s sixty-day requirement.

Sanchez contends that because the trial judge can adjudicate him guilty if he fails to meet the requirements of probation, he can likewise vacate an adjudication if Sanchez complies with probation. As intriguing as the argument is, there is no rule, statute, or decision of this Court authorizing such action beyond the sixty-day limitation of rule 3.800(b). The district court was correct in so holding. We are not convinced that we should now vest such power in the trial courts absent an appropriate rule or statute.

Therefore, we agree with the first district’s conclusion in Thompson that trial courts may, in their discretion, reduce an adjudication of guilt to a withholding of adjudication when considering a rule 3.800(b) motion to reduce or modify sentence. We approve the result in Sanchez, however, because Sanchez filed his rule 3.800(b) motion more than sixty days after imposition of sentence. Because the district court reached the right result, no further proceedings are required in this case.

It is so ordered.

EHRLICH, C.J., and OVERTON, SHAW, GRIMES and KOGAN, JJ., concur. BARKETT, J., concurs in part and dissents in part with an opinion.

. State v. Beardsley, 464 So. 2d 188 (Fla. 4th DCA 1985), reaches the right result, although for the wrong reason, however, because Beardsley moved for relief approximately six months after sentencing, well outside Fla.R.Crim.P. 3.800(b)’s 60-day time limit. Therefore, we approve the result of, but not the opinion in, Beardsley.

. Ch. 83-131, § 6, Laws of Fla., created § 921.187 as part of the "Correctional Reform Act of 1983.”

Concurrence
BARKETT, Justice,

BARKETT, Justice,

concurring in part, dissenting in part.

I agree that a judge has authority to vacate an adjudication within sixty days. I would, however, also grant relief in this case. Once it has been determined that there is no legal impediment against vacating an adjudication within sixty days, then it should be equally permissible during the period of probation. If the trial judge can adjudicate a defendant when he fails to meet the requirements of probation, he also should be able to vacate an adjudication when a defendant complies with probation. This authority comports with the purposes of probation and the punitive use of adjudications and is not inconsistent with any statute or court rule.


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Citator

Cited By (14 total)

  • J.M. v. State, 677 So. 2d 890 (Fla. 3d DCA 1996)
    …dication of delinquency and withdraw the commitment order. Respectfully, that is not so. A trial court’s discretionary decision to impose adjudication, or withhold adjudication, is part of the trial court's sentencing decision. See Sanchez v. State, 541 So. 2d 1140, 1141 (Fla.1989); § 39.052(3)(d) (decision to impose adjudication of delinquency is made at disposition hearing); supra note 3. Under the case law cited earlier in this opinion, the trial court's exercise of sentencing discretion "will not be distur…
  • Senger v. State, 200 So. 3d 137 (Fla. 5th DCA 2016)
    …lude that even if the claimed sentencing errors had been reviewable, Senger’s arguments are merit-less. First, the decision by a trial court to impose or withhold an adjudication of guilt is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. See Sanchez v. State, 541 So. 2d 1140, 1141 (Fla.1989) (quoting § 948.01(3), Fla. Stat. (1985)). Senger acknowledges that because the charge of traveling after solicita [*145] tion is a second-degree felony, section 775.08435, Florida Statutes (2011), provides that a court may not withh…
  • Dominguez v. State, 556 So. 2d 499 (Fla. 1st DCA 1990)
    …Rule 3.800(b), Fla. R.Crim.P.; State v. Lapica-Falcon, 519 So. 2d 57 (Fla. 2d DCA 1988); Grosse v. State, 511 So. 2d 688 (Fla. 4th DCA 1987); and Wells v. State, 495 So. 2d 1221 (Fla. 1st DCA 1986). Appellant’s reliance on dicta in Sanchez v. State, 541 So. 2d 1140 (Fla.1989), to the effect that Rule 3.800(b) requires that the motion be made within sixty days, is misplaced since Sanchez involved the question of whether a trial court has authority to remove an adjudication of guilt within the sixty day period.…

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