JOHN SCOTT THOMAS, PETITIONER,
v.
RICHARD L. DUGGER, ET AL., RESPONDENTS

Fla. | 1989-08-31
No. 73347
EHRLICH, C.J., and OVERTON, MCDONALD, SHAW and GRIMES, JJ., concur., KOGAN, J., dissents with an opinion.
548 So. 2d 230 Florida Supreme Court (1989) Negative Treatment
Cited by 9 cases

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Synopsis

John Scott Thomas petitioned for habeas corpus relief challenging the Department of Corrections' denial of gain-time credit during his mandatory minimum sentence for robbery with a firearm. The Florida Supreme Court held that the statute prohibiting eligibility for gain-time during the minimum mandatory portion means no gain time can be earned or applied during that period, rejecting Thomas's argument that gain time could accumulate toward concurrent sentences.


Holding

The court held that the statute's prohibition on gain-time eligibility during the mandatory minimum sentence means a prisoner is not entitled to have gain time deducted from or accumulated during the minimum mandatory portion. The statute does not distinguish between applying earned gain time and accumulating it; both are prohibited during the mandatory minimum period.


Headnotes

[1] A writ of habeas corpus is available for any unlawful deprivation of a person's liberty.

[2] A statute prohibiting eligibility for statutory gain-time prior to serving a minimum mandatory sentence means that an inmate is not entitled to have gain time deducted fr…

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Key Quotes

“Florida law is well settled that habeas will lie for any unlawful deprivation of a person's liberty.”

Establishes the court's jurisdiction to hear the habeas petition and confirms petitioner has a right to seek habeas relief

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Facts & Procedural History

Thomas was convicted of robbery with a firearm and sentenced to three concurrent five-and-a-half-year sentences, including a three-year mandatory mini…

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Opinion of the Court
BARKETT, Justice.

BARKETT, Justice.

John Scott Thomas petitions this Court for writ of habeas corpus or, alternatively, writ of mandamus because of gain-time computations made by the Department of Corrections (“DOC”) that have resulted in his continued incarceration. We have jurisdiction. Art. V, § 3(b)(8) & (9), Fla. Const. Petitioner was convicted of robbery with a firearm. The judge sentenced him to three concurrent sentences of five and a half years, including a minimum mandatory sentence of three years imposed under section 775.087(2), Florida Statutes (1985). In 1988, petitioner completed the three-year mandatory sentence and applied for immediate release based on gain time he alleges he had accumulated. In effect, petitioner asked DOC to give him gain time allegedly “accrued” during the minimum mandatory portion of his sentence.

DOC denied the request, saying the statute prohibited such an award. Petitioner then filed this habeas petition alleging he is being illegally detained. Alternatively, petitioner requests a writ of mandamus ordering DOC to compute his gain time in a lawful manner. Initially, we reject respondents’ argument that we lack jurisdiction to hear a petition for writ of habeas corpus based on the facts of this case. Florida law is well settled that habeas will lie for any unlawful deprivation of a person’s liberty. State v. Bolyea, 520 So. 2d 562, 564 (Fla.1988). Petitioner has alleged an unlawful deprivation of liberty, and accordingly has a right to seek habeas relief. We thus reach the merits of the case.

The statute under which petitioner was sentenced provides in pertinent part:

Any person who is convicted of:
(a) Any ... robbery ...

and who had in his possession a “firearm” ... shall be sentenced to a minimum term of imprisonment of 3 calendar years. Notwithstanding the provisions of s. 948.01, adjudication of guilt or imposition of sentence shall not be suspended, deferred, or withheld, nor shall the defendant be eligible for parole or statutory gain-time under s. 944.275, prior to serving such minimum sentence.

§ 775.087(2), Fla.Stat. (emphasis added). Petitioner contends that, under this statute, gain time cannot be applied to reduce a minimum mandatory sentence but nevertheless continues to accumulate toward any other concurrent sentence. Respondents argue that an inmate cannot accumulate any statutory gain time during the minimum mandatory portion.

Accordingly, the resolution of this case depends on the meaning of the word “eligible” as used in the statute. We are obligated to construe undefined terms in a statute in their ordinary and workaday sense. Graham v. State, 362 So. 2d 924 (Fla.1978). Webster’s Third New International Dictionary 736 (1981) defines “eligible” as “entitled to something.”

Thus, we construe the statute to mean that a person in petitioner’s position is not entitled to gain time during the minimum mandatory portion of the sentence. Common workaday usage dictates that this means he was not entitled either to have a statutory gain time award deducted from the minimum mandatory portion of the sentence, nor was he entitled to accumulate statutory gain time during the minimum mandatory portion of the sentence. We agree with the First District that-the mandatory gun law does not draw the distinction urged by petitioner. If the legislature had intended for statutory gain time to accumulate in the manner urged by petitioner, the Legislature would have said so expressly. Curry v. Department of Corrections, 423 So. 2d 584, 585 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982). Accordingly, we deny all the requested relief.

It is so ordered.

EHRLICH, C.J., and OVERTON, MCDONALD, SHAW and GRIMES, JJ., concur. KOGAN, J., dissents with an opinion.

Dissent
KOGAN, Justice,

KOGAN, Justice,

dissenting.

I respectfully dissent.

I believe there is a legitimate dispute over the meaning of the statute in this case. Both the petitioner’s and the respondents’ interpretation are reasonable, given the lack of legislative intent and ambiguous language of the statute. However, the law is well established that penal statutes must be strictly construed. State ex rel. Lee v. Buchanan, 191 So. 2d 33 (Fla.1966); Ex parte Bailey, 39 Fla. 734, 23 So. 551 (1897). Whenever there is any doubt as to the construction of a penal statute, the courts must resolve that doubt in favor of the rights of individuals affected by that statute. Maxcy, Inc. v. Mayo, 103 Fla. 552, 139 So. 121 (1931); Texas Co. v. Amos, 77 Fla. 327, 81 So. 471 (1919). Accordingly, I would accept petitioner’s argument, disapprove Curry v. Department of Corrections, 423 So. 2d 584, 585 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982), and grant his petition for writ of mandamus.


Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • State v. McKENZIE, 574 So. 2d 1176 (Fla. 5th DCA 1991)
    ….Supp. 1289 (S.C.Fla.1984). It follows that because the legislature has prohibited gain time in the case of some mandatory minimum sentences and not in others, prohibition of gain time should not be implied where not mentioned. In Thomas v. Dugger, 548 So. 2d 230 (Fla.1989), the supreme court held that if a statute provides that a prisoner shall not be eligible for statutory gain time prior to serving a mandatory minimum sentence, the prisoner can neither shorten service of his mandatory minimum sentence by…
  • Hamby v. State, 619 So. 2d 972 (Fla. 5th DCA 1993)
    …ion that the time should be restored. We deny the petition. Habeas corpus relief is not available as a remedy to contest loss of gain time unless an inmate is being unlawfully detained and is entitled to an immediate release. See Thomas v. Dugger, 548 So. 2d 230 (Fla.1989); Williams v. State, 519 So. 2d 723 (Fla. 5th DCA 1988). If Hamby has exhausted his administrative remedies, he may be entitled to seek a writ of mandamus in the circuit court to compel lawful application of gain time rules. See, e.g., Cra…
  • Singletary v. Christa Graham, 622 So. 2d 634 (Fla. 4th DCA 1993)
    …riting, to grant up to sixty days of provisional credits “equally to each inmate who is earning incentive gain-time.” Because appellee was barred from receiving gain-time before the completion of his minimum mandatory sentence, see Thomas v. Dugger, 548 So. 2d 230 (Fla.1989), he was also barred from receiving provisional credits. Furthermore, section 944.277(l)(b), Florida Statutes (1991), specifically excludes inmates who are serving minimum mandatory sentences under section 775.087 from receiving provisiona…

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