RAYMOND LYNWOOD GRAHAM, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. | 1978-09-14
No. 52135
ENGLAND, C. J., and ADKINS, BOYD, OVERTON, SUNDBERG and ALDERMAN, JJ., concur.
362 So. 2d 924 Florida Supreme Court (1978) Positive Treatment
Cited by 9 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.


Holding

The court held that the statute was not unconstitutionally vague, but reversed the conviction because the jury instructions may have allowed conviction based on negligence rather than willfulness.


Headnotes

[1] A statute is not unconstitutionally vague if its terms, given their plain and ordinary meaning, are sufficient to warn an average person of the conduct prohibited.

[2] A criminal statute may be narrowed by jury instructions to require proof of willful or malicious conduct, even if the statutory language itself does not explicitly includ…

Previewing 2 of 4 headnotes on this case. FLexlaw’s editorially structured points of law — every proposition, pinpointed — are reserved for members.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Facts & Procedural History

Appellant was charged with violating a statute making it unlawful to molest stone crab traps. He was observed with the appellant's traps in his nets, …

The full statement of facts, procedural history, and disposition for this case are member content.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

© FLexlaw, Inc. — AI-generated enrichments are proprietary. All rights reserved.


Opinion of the Court
HATCHETT, Justice.

HATCHETT, Justice.

In this case, we review an order of the county court upholding the constitutionality of Section 370.13(2)(f), Florida Statutes (1974) which makes it unlawful:

. for any person to molest any [stone crab] traps, lines, or buoys, as defined herein, belonging to another without permission of the permit holder. Jurisdiction vests under Article V, Section 3(b)(1), Florida Constitution. We affirm in part and reverse in part.

Appellant, the captain of the “Frances R,” a shrimp boat, was charged with two violations of Section 370.13(2)(f), Florida Statutes (1974). On the day the alleged violations occurred, Captain Graham and several other shrimpers were trawling in an area six miles off the shore of Steinhatchee. The area was also being fished by crabbers, specifically, Glenn Filmon and his son, James. Both had, in preceding days, noticed the loss of several traps and reported this fact to the Marine Patrol. Consequently, two patrolmen accompanied the Filmons to the fishing area where the traps were located. Upon entering the area, the officers observed the “Frances R” in the vicinity of the traps. As they approached the boat, they also observed two traps, belonging to the Filmons, in appellant’s nets. The boat was ordered to stop, at which time the traps and buoys were thrown overboard. One officer observed crew members cutting the lines from the traps.

Appellant was convicted, placed on two years probation, and fined $500.

Seven points are raised on appeal: (1) whether Section 370.13(2)(f), Florida Statutes (1974) is unconstitutionally vague because it fails to inform the average citizen of the conduct proscribed; (2) whether the statute is overbroad because it proscribes essentially innocent conduct; (3) whether the statute is unconstitutional as applied to appellant; (4) whether the statute provides for cruel and unusual punishment; (5) whether the trial judge erred in denying appellant’s motion to suppress; (6) whether the trial judge erred in denying appellant’s motion for new trial based on juror misconduct; and (7) whether the trial judge erred in sentencing appellant without benefit of a presentence investigation report.

Appellant initially challenges the statute on the ground that it is impermissi-bly vague, arguing that the term “molest” is so indefinite that men of common intelligence must necessarily guess at its meaning and differ as to its application. State v. Wershow, 343 So. 2d 605 (Fla.1977). We disagree. Generally, words in a statute should be given their plain and ordinary meaning. Pedersen v. Green, 105 So. 2d 1 (Fla.1958), and American Bankers Life Assurance Co. of Florida v. Williams, 212 So. 2d 777 (Fla. 1st DCA 1968). Webster’s Third New International Dictionary defines “molest” as interfering or meddling with a thing so as to injure or disturb it. We find this common definition sufficient to warn an average man of the conduct prohibited.

Appellant also attacks the statute on grounds of overbreadth, arguing that the statute excludes the element of criminal intent and thereby prohibits essentially innocent conduct.* We need not reach this issue, because the trial judge in this case specifically narrowed the statute to acts willful or malicious in nature. The jury was so instructed.

One fatal flaw exists, however, because the trial court’s instructions included the following charge:

. and the Court charges you further that it must be done wilfully or maliciously or done through negligence of the Defendant .

While criminal responsibility may rest on acts of negligence, such negligence is gener ally of a higher degree than that required to establish civil liability. In Russ v. State, 140 Fla. 217, 191 So. 296 (1939), this court stated:

This Court is committed to the rule that the degree of negligence required to sustain imprisonment should be at least as high as that required for the imposition of punitive damages in a civil action. The burden of proof authorizing a recovery of exemplary or punitive damages by a plaintiff for negligence must show a gross and flagrant character, evincing reckless disregard of human life or of the safety of persons exposed to its dangerous effects; or that entire want of care which would raise the presumption of indifference to consequences; or such wantonness or recklessness or grossly careless disregard of the safety and welfare of the public, or that reckless indifference to the rights of others, which is equivalent to an intentional violation of them. [At 191 So. 298.]

See also, State v. Greene, 348 So. 2d 3 (Fla.1977), and State v. Winters, 346 So. 2d 991 (Fla.1977).

Since we are unable to determine whether or not appellant’s conviction was predicated on a finding of willfulness or negligence, we must reverse and remand for new trial.

It is so ordered.

ENGLAND, C. J., and ADKINS, BOYD, OVERTON, SUNDBERG and ALDERMAN, JJ., concur. *

We note that Chapter 77-142, § 1, Laws of Florida, amends § 370.13(2)(f) as follows:

It is unlawful for any person to willfully molest any traps, lines, or buoys, as defined herein . . [emphasis added]

Cases With Similar Vibessemantic neighbors from the corpus


Citator

Cited By

  • Simmons v. Lawrence Schimmel, M.D., 476 So. 2d 1342 (Fla. 3d DCA 1985)
    …e does not specifically define words of common usage, such words are to be construed in accordance with their plain and ordinary meaning. See State v. Cormier, 375 So. 2d 852 (Fla.1979); State v. Stewart, 374 So. 2d 1381 (Fla.1979); Graham v. State, 362 So. 2d 924 (Fla.1978). The term “prevailing party” has been defined as: The party ultimately prevailing when the matter is finally set at rest.... To be such does not depend upon the degree of success at different stages of the suit, but whether, at the end o…
  • Md. Cas. Co. v. Reliance Ins. Co., 478 So. 2d 1068 (Fla. 1985)
    …vides as follows: Such insurance shall be primary for the limits of liability and personal injury protection coverage as required by ss. 324.-021(7) and 627.736. Words in a statute should be given their plain and ordinary meaning. Graham v. State, 362 So. 2d 924 (Fla.1978). The last sentence of subsection (1) of section 627.7263 states that the lessor’s insurance is primary for the limits of liability and personal injury protection as required by ss. 324.021(7) and 627.736 (emphasis supplied). These section…
  • Behn v. State, 621 So. 2d 534 (Fla. 1st DCA 1993)
    …at the character of negligence necessary to sustain a conviction for manslaughter is the same as that required to sustain a recovery for punitive damages.” Carraway, supra at 22; White Construction Co., Inc., supra at 1028. See also Graham v. State, 362 So. 2d 924, 925 (Fla.1978) (“While criminal responsibility may rest on acts of negligence, such negligence is generally of a higher degree than that required to establish civil liabili-ty_ [T]he degree of negligence required to sustain imprisonment should be a…

Previewing 3 of 5 citing cases — full citator treatment, depth of discussion, and citing context are member features.

Join FLexlaw to unlock all legal intelligence

Authorities Cited

Full citator, related cases, and AI research tools

Open in FLexlaw