LARRY PALOMARES, AND JORGE NOYA, INDIVIDUALLY AND AS GENERAL PARTNERS OF TOTAL INVESTMENTS, A FLORIDA GENERAL PARTNERSHIP, APPELLANTS,
v.
OCEAN BANK OF MIAMI, A STATE BANKING CORPORATION, APPELLEE

Fla. 3d DCA | 1991-02-05
No. 90-275
Before BARKDULL, HUBBART and FERGUSON, JJ.
574 So. 2d 1159 Florida District Court of Appeal, Third District (1991) Positive Treatment
Cited by 19 cases

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Synopsis

Mortgagors appealed a foreclosure judgment, challenging the trial court's findings regarding material alteration of a promissory note, contractual waiver of jury trial, and denial of leave to amend pleadings. The appellate court affirmed the foreclosure judgment, rejecting each argument.


Holding

The court affirmed the foreclosure judgment, holding that: (1) the alterations to the promissory note were neither fraudulent nor material as required by statute because the interest accrual date remained the same, the refund provision was only a possibility in both versions, and the CD collateralization was expressly authorized by appellants' blanket assignment; (2) contractual waivers of jury trial are valid and enforceable under Florida law, and are not controlled by procedural rules; and (3) the trial court did not abuse its discretion in denying the late amendment request.


Headnotes

[1] A debt is discharged by material alteration of an instrument only if the alteration is both material and fraudulent.

[2] A change in the date of a promissory note is not a material alteration if the interest accrual date remains the same.

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Key Quotes

“Section 673.407(2)(a) requires that, in order to discharge a debt, an alteration to an instrument must be both material and fraudulent.”

Establishes the statutory test appellants must satisfy to discharge the promissory note by material alteration.

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Facts & Procedural History

Between March 1985 and July 1987, appellants borrowed approximately $3.3 million from Ocean Bank for a shopping center development through four succes…

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Opinion of the Court
PER CURIAM.

PER CURIAM.

Appellants, mortgagors of certain real property, appeal from a final judgment of foreclosure. We affirm, briefly addressing each issue raised as grounds for appeal.

During the period between March 6, 1985, and July 8,1987, appellants borrowed approximately $3.3 million from appellee, Ocean Bank, for the development of a shopping center. The first loan was for $600,-000 on March 6, 1985; the second enlarged the debt to $2,100,000 on June 7, 1985; the third raised it to $2,900,000 on December 7, 1986; the final loan raised the debt to $3,385,539.75 on July 8, 1987.

Appellants subsequently brought suit against Ocean Bank alleging fraud in inducing them to execute contracts, mortgage deeds, and notes in connection with the shopping center project; Ocean Bank counterclaimed to foreclose the mortgage on the subject property. After a court-ordered severance, a nonjury trial was conducted on Ocean Bank’s counterclaim for foreclosure along with appellants’ affirmative defense of material alteration. A final judgment of foreclosure was entered from which this appeal is brought.

Discharge By Material Alteration

Appellants first contend that the $2,900,-000 promissory note in question, the third note in the series of loans, was discharged by material alteration pursuant to section 673.407, Florida Statutes (1985).1 Specifically, appellants claim that three changes were made to the promissory note: (1) the date was changed from December 7 to December 16, 1986; (2) the right to a refund of part of the finance charge was removed from the note; and (3) a $100,000 Certificate of Deposit was added as security on the note.

Section 673.407(2)(a) requires that, in order to discharge a debt, an alteration to an instrument must be both material and fraudulent. Peacock v. Farmers and Merchants Bank, 454 So. 2d 730 (Fla. 1st DCA 1984). The changes made to the promissory note in this case were neither. First, although the date was changed in the upper right-hand corner of the note, the date the interest began to accrue, December 16, 1986, was identical in both versions of the note. Second, the alteration regarding the refund of finance charges did not change the contractual relationship between the parties because a refund was a possibility in either version of the note. Third, the collateralization of the $100,000 Certificate of Deposit on the $2,900,000 note was with the express approval and authorization of appellants by virtue of their blanket assignment of the Certificate to Ocean Bank on October 3, 1986, during an unrelated transaction.

Waiver Of Jury Trial

Appellants next challenge the trial court’s determination that they contractually waived their right to a jury trial. We disagree with appellants’ assertions that such waivers are constitutionally impermissible and are controlled by Florida Rule of Civil Procedure 1.430. This court has previously upheld the validity of contractual waivers of jury trial. See Poller v. First Virginia Mortgage and Real Estate Inv. Trust, 471 So. 2d 104, 106 (Fla. 3d DCA), rev. denied, 479 So. 2d 118 (Fla.1985); Credit Alliance Corp. v. Westland Mach. Co., Inc., 439 So. 2d 332 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). See also Central Inv. Assoc., Inc. v. Leasing Serv. Corp., 362 So. 2d 702 (Fla. 3d DCA 1978) (there is no public policy reason why a contract provision waiving trial by jury in an action arising under the contract should not be enforced in Florida). Rule 1.430 prescribes the procedural method for invoking a jury trial during the course of litigation, and is not applicable to precon-troversy contractual waivers.

Denial of Leave to Amend

Appellants’ third contention is that the trial court erred in denying leave to amend their pleadings to add a claim of “prevention of performance” as both a count of the original complaint for fraudulent inducement and an affirmative defense to Ocean Bank’s counterclaim for foreclosure. The attempted amendment to appellants’ affirmative defenses was filed without leave of court, just two weeks pri-or to trial, over two years after the case was filed, and after previous attempts to plead the same claim had been rejected by the court. No appeal is brought from the court’s ruling that no cause of action was stated in the earlier attempted amendments. On these facts, we cannot conclude that the trial court abused its discretion in denying appellants’ last motion for leave to amend. See Affordable Homes, Inc. v. Devil’s Run, Ltd., 408 So. 2d 679 (Fla. 1st DCA 1982) (“Generally, trial court will give leave to amend a deficient [pleading] unless there has been abuse of the amendment privilege or the [pleading] shows on its face that there is a deficiency which cannot be cured by amendment.”); Feigin v. Hospital Staffing Servs., Inc., 569 So. 2d 941 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990) (refusal to grant leave to amend seventh complaint filed .over a four-year period was not an abuse of discretion where complaint failed to state a cause of action).

We cannot decide whether the court abused its discretion in denying appellants leave to amend their second amended complaint for fraud to add a claim for prevention of performance for two reasons. First, the complaint and counterclaim were severed by an agreed order and this appeal is brought only from the judgment of foreclosure entered on the counterclaim. Second, we would not have decided the issue even if a separate appeal had been brought from the order denying leave to amend the complaint because, in this case, the order would have been nonfinal and nonap-pealable. Fla.R.App.P. 9.130(a)(3). See Hawaiian Inn of Daytona Beach, Inc. v. Snead Constr. Corp., 393 So. 2d 1201 (Fla. 5th DCA 1981); Sexton v. Panning Lumber Co., 260 So. 2d 898, 902-903 (Fla. 4th DCA), cert. denied, 271 So. 2d 764 (Fla.1972).

The judgment of foreclosure entered on the severed counterclaim is affirmed.

. Section 673.407, Florida Statutes (1985) states in pertinent part:

(1) Any alteration of an instrument is material which changes the contract of any party thereto in any respect, including any such change in:
(a) The number or relations of the parties; or

(b) An incomplete instrument, by completing it otherwise than as authorized; or

(c) The writing as signed, by adding to it or by removing any part of it.

(2) As against any person other than a subsequent holder in due course:

(a) Alteration by the holder which is both fraudulent and material discharges any party whose contract is thereby changed unless that party assents or is precluded from asserting the defense;

(b) No other alteration discharges any party and the instrument may be enforced according to its original tenor, or as to incomplete instruments according to the authority given.


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Cited By

  • Parkway Bank v. Fort Myers Armature Works, Inc., 658 So. 2d 646 (Fla. 2d DCA 1995)
    …r of the constitutional right to trial by jury: C & C Wholesale, Inc. v. Fusco Management Corp., 564 So. 2d 1259 (Fla. 2d DCA 1990); Vista Centre Venture v. Unlike Anything, Inc., 603 So. 2d 576 (Fla. 5th DCA 1992); Palomares v. Ocean Bank of Miami, 574 So. 2d 1159 (Fla. 3d DCA 1991); Credit Alliance Corp. v. Westland Machine Co., 439 So. 2d 332 (Fla. 3d DCA 1983). These cases, however, are direct appeals from final orders. Parkway has cited no case in which a district court issued a writ of certiorari to quas…
  • Traveler v. Steiner Transocean Ltd., 895 So. 2d 1191 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005)
    …his court under Rules 9.030(b)(1)(A) and 9.110 of the Florida Rules of Appellate Procedure. We disagree as this court has previously held that an order denying leave to amend is a non-final and non-appealable order. Palomares v. Ocean Bank of Miami, 574 So. 2d 1159, 1161 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 587 So. 2d 1328 (Fla.1991). Other district courts have similarly held that an order denying a motion to amend a complaint is not a final order, and thus, the order is not immediately appealable. Hochstadt v. Sanct…
  • Toscano Condo Assoc. v. Dda Eng'rs, 274 So. 3d 487 (Fla. 3d DCA 2019)
    …ssociation’s appeal is untimely. We disagree. “[A]n order denying leave to amend is a non-final and non- appealable order.” Traveler v. Steiner Transocean Ltd., 895 So. 2d 1191, 1192 (Fla. 3d DCA 2005) (citing Palomares v. Ocean Bank of Miami, 574 So. 2d 1159, 1161 (Fla. 3d DCA), review denied, 587 So. 2d 1328 (Fla. 1991)). DDA 1 The trial court conducted a case management conference in April 2017, which resulted in the Case Management Order, entered in June 2017. 2 Throughout the case, the Associatio…

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