EDDIE B. ALEXANDER, APPELLANT,
v.
STATE OF FLORIDA, APPELLEE

Fla. 4th DCA | 1991-03-13
No. 89-1237
GUNTHER and WARNER, JJ., concur.
575 So. 2d 1370 Florida District Court of Appeal, Fourth District (1991) Caution
Cited by 10 cases

AI-generated. These summaries, headnotes, and key points are machine-generated and may contain errors or omissions. Always verify against the full opinion text below. Not legal advice.

Synopsis

Eddie Alexander was convicted and sentenced to three and one-half years in prison. On appeal, the Fourth District Court of Appeal reversed and remanded for a new trial, finding reversible error where the trial judge communicated with the jury about the admissibility of police reports without counsel being present or afforded an opportunity to participate.


Holding

The court held that a trial judge may not respond to a jury's request for additional instructions without both counsel being present and having an opportunity to participate. Violation of this rule is per se reversible error. The burden is on the court or state to make the record affirmatively show that all due process requirements have been met; a cryptic note on a progress report is insufficient to satisfy this burden.


Headnotes

[1] A trial judge may not respond to a jury's request for additional instructions without both counsel being present and having an opportunity to participate.

[2] A violation of the rule requiring counsel's presence during jury instructions is per se reversible error.

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Key Quotes

“a trial judge may not respond to a jury's request for additional instructions without both counsel being present and having an opportunity to participate in the action to be taken by the court. Violation of that rule is per se reversible error.”

Establishes the core legal rule violated in this case, based on precedent from Ivory and Williams

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Facts & Procedural History

During jury deliberations, the jury submitted a written question asking whether police reports could be admitted as evidence for further review. The t…

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Opinion of the Court
DOWNEY, Judge.

DOWNEY, Judge.

Appellant, Eddie Alexander, appeals from a judgment of conviction and sentence of three and one-half years in the Department of Corrections.

Five appellate points have been presented, all dealing with alleged errors occurring during the trial. We have carefully considered all of said points and find reversible error demonstrated in only one, having to do with communication between the court and jury without counsel being present and afforded an opportunity to present argument and objections.

It appears from this record that the jury returned to the courtroom during its deliberations and presented a written question to the court: “May we have the police reports admitted as evidence for further review?” The trial judge held a short col loquy1 with the jury in which he told them the reports were inadmissible and that they were to decide the case based upon the evidence they had. As he put it: “You’ve got to play with the deck you have been dealt.” Appellant contends in his brief that counsel was not present when this occurred and thus had no opportunity to participate in the ruling or make any record of their objection as required by Florida Rule of Criminal Procedure 3.410.

Appellee contends in its brief that the colloquy took place in the presence of counsel. Oddly enough, neither party cites to any part of the record for its statement and we have found none. Furthermore, we relinquished jurisdiction to fill in the gaps in the transcript which might show that counsel was present. As one might surmise, neither the trial judge nor counsel, with the multitude of work they are involved in, could remember the situation vividly enough to state the fact of what had transpired. Nevertheless, we note that the record contains a progress report or “blue card,” which states what transpired in the courtroom and concludes with the stamped statement, “There being no objection to the instructions given by the court, court recessed at 10:15 A.M. pending the call of the jury.” Appellee argued that this cryptic note means counsel was present and failed to make any objection.

The Supreme Court of Florida in Ivory2 and Williams3 held that a trial judge may not respond to a jury’s request for additional instructions without both counsel being present and having an opportunity to participate in the action to be taken by the court. Violation of that rule is per se reversible error. We hold that it is the burden.of the court, or the state, to make the record show that all requirements of due process, including the opportunity to be heard on the instruction to be given, have been met. This “blue card” statement will not suffice to meet that important responsibility.

Westlund v. State, 570 So. 2d 1133 (Fla. 4th DCA 1990), is not controlling here because, in Westlund, the record shows counsel was present and simply failed to object to the court’s action.

Accordingly, the judgment of conviction and sentence appealed from are reversed and the cause is remanded for a new trial.

REVERSED and REMANDED.

GUNTHER and WARNER, JJ., concur. .THE COURT: The question is: You have the police reports. I know some references were made to police reports during the course of the trial. Nobody really understands the law of hearsay. But I understand it well enough to tell you that the police reports are inadmissible as hearsay.

It’s like playing the hand of poker. You’ve got to play the deck you have been dealt.

Decide the case, based on the evidence that is before you and nothing else.

The police reports are not in evidence. Okay?

. Ivory v. State, 351 So. 2d 26 (Fla.1977).

. Williams v. State, 488 So. 2d 62 (Fla.1986).


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Citator

Cited By

  • Matthews v. State, 687 So. 2d 908 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)
    …record is unclear whether Matthews was actually present at the bench during the conferences in question. The burden is upon the trial court or the State to malee the record show that all requirements of due process have been met. Alexander v. State, 575 So. 2d 1370 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991).…
  • Ellis v. State, 696 So. 2d 904 (Fla. 4th DCA 1997)
    …make the record show that all requirements of due process have been met, we hold that the burden is on the trial court or the State to make the record show that the dictates of Coney have been complied with. See id. at 910 n. 2; Alexander v. State, 575 So. 2d 1370, 1371 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991). Here, neither the trial court nor the State has met this burden as they have failed to demonstrate that Appellant was present at the site where jurors were peremptorily challenged. In so holding, we recognize conflict wit…
  • Chavez v. State, 698 So. 2d 284 (Fla. 3d DCA 1997)
    …ere, the record does not reflect whether the defendant was present at the sidebar conference. Nevertheless, the court or the State needed to establish that all due process requirements had been met. See Coney, 653 So. 2d at 1013; Alexander v. State, 575 So. 2d 1370 (Fla. 4th DCA 1991). Here, the trial court erred by allowing the jury selection process to proceed without determining whether the defendant knowingly, intelligently and voluntarily waived his right to be present during the sidebar conference pursua…

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